Mark each hypothesis or research question in #3 with the following codes: DIF, if the statement or question suggests looking for a difference, or REL, if the statement or question suggests looking for a relationship. Similarly, mark each hypothesis or research question with the following codes: DIR, if the statement or question is directional, or NDIR, if the statement or question is nondirectional.

Here are the hypothesis and research question:

Hypotheses:

H1: Modality interactivity will lead to more positive interface assessment compared with the control condition. H2: Modality interactivity will lead to greater cognitive absorption compared with the control condition. H3: More positive interface assessment and higher cognitive absorption created by modality interactivity will, in turn, lead to more positive attitudes toward website (H3a), more positive attitudes toward the antismoking messages (H3b), and more negative attitudes toward smoking, after controlling for pre-existing attitudes toward smoking (H3c)

Research Question:

"In the study reported here, we address these two limitations as we investigate a

core question about the effects of interactive media: Does interactivity help or hinder persuasion?"