Question
Market price referent (MPR) is the value/price of replacing a natural gas power plant. What price for CO 2 (in $/metric ton of CO 2
Market price referent (MPR) is the value/price of replacing a natural gas power plant.
- What price for CO2 (in $/metric ton of CO2e) would be required to bring PV to grid parity with average electricity costs in California in 2020? The cost of electricity at peak is based on the MPR.
- What price for CO2 (in $/metric tons CO2e) would be required to bring PV to grid parity with costs of electricity at peak demand in 2020? Use the MRP here.
- What price for CO2 (in $/metric tons CO2e) would be required to bring PV to grid parity with natural gas burned in a combined cycle power plant in 2020?
Market price referent (MPR) in California (2020) = $0.12/kWh
LCOE electricity from PV in California (2020) = $0.18/kWh
Average LCOE electricity from grid in California (2020) = $0.14
Combined Cycle natural gas-fired electricity (US, wholesale in 2020) = $0.07/kWh
Assume: MPR energy has marginal emissions factor of 0.944 lbs/kWh (compared with the average PG&E factor of 0.412 lbs/kWh)
Emissions factors
PG&E marginal (peak) emissions factor of 0.9 lbs CO2e/kWh
PG&E average PG&E factor of 0.4 lbs CO2e/kWh.
Natural gas combined cycle natural gas power plant emission factor of 0.5 lbs CO2e/kWh
There are 2,204.6 lbs in a metric ton.
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