Mars Inc. is considering the purchase of a new machine which will reduce manufacturing costs by $5,000 annually. Mars will use the MACRS accelerated method to depreciate the machine, and it expects to sell the machine at the end of its 5-year operating life for $10,000. The firm expects to be able to reduce net operating working capital by $15,000 when the machine is installed, but required net working capital will return to the original level when the machine is sold after 5 years. Mars's marginal tax rate is 40 percent, and it uses a 12 percent required rate of return to evaluate projects of this nature. If the machine costs $60,000, what is the NPV of the project? (Show all your work)

a.) -$15,394

b.) -$14,093

c.) -$58,512

d.) -$21,493

e.) -$46,901