Mastery Problem: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis A HI = Cost Behavior High-Low Contribution Margin Income Statement - Cover-to-Cover Income Statement - Biblio Files Sales Mix Target Profit Cost Behavior Cover-to-Cover Company is a manufacturer of shelving for books. The company has compiled the following cost data, and wants your help in determining the cost behavior. After reviewing the data, complete requirements (1) and (2) that follow. Total Total Lumber Cost Utilities Cost Total Machine Depreciation Cost $125,000 $14,800 Units Produced 12,000 shelves 24,000 shelves 48,000 shelves 60,000 shelves $144,000 $288,000 $28,600 $576,000 $56,200 $125,000 $125,000 $125,000 $720,000 $70,000 1. Determine whether the costs in table are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these. Variable Cost Fixed Cost Mixed Cost None of these 60,000 shelves $720,000 $70,000 $125,000 1. Determine whether the costs in the table are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these. Variable Cost Fixed Cost Mixed Cost None of these Lumber Utilities Depreciation 2 For each cost, determine the fixed portion of the cost and the per-unit variable cost. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter "O". Recall that, for N = Number of Units Produced, Total Costs = (Variable Cost per Unit x N) - Fixed Cost. Complete the following table with your answers. Cost Fixed Portion of Cost Variable Portion of Cost (per Unit) Lumber S Utilities s Depreciation S High-Low Biblio Files Company is the chief competitor of Cover-to-Cover Company in the bookshelf business Biblio Files is analyzing its manufacturing costs, and has compiled the following data for the first six months of the year. After reviewing the data, answer questions (1) through (3) that follow. Month Total Cost Number of Units Produced 4,360 $65,600 January February 250 $6,250 March 1,000 $15,000 April 5,250 $56,250 May 1.750 $32,500 June 3,015 $48,000 1. From the data previously provided, help Biblio Files Company estimate the fixed and variable portions of its total costs using the High-Low Method. Recall that Total Costs - (Variable Cost Per Unit x Units Produced) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table. Total Fixed Cost Variable Cost per Unit 2. With your Total Fixed Cost and Variable Cost per Unit from the High-Low Method, compute the total cost for the following values of N (Number of Units Produced). Number of Units Produced Total Costs 3,500 S 4,360 5.250 3. Why does the total cost computed for 4,360 units not match the data for January in the table at the top of this panel? The High-Low method only gives accurate data when fixed costs are zero. The High-Low method is accurate only for months in which production is at full capacity The High-Low method gives a formula for the estimated total cost and may not match levels of production other than the highest and lowest The High-Low method gives accurate data only for levels of production outside the relevant range Contribution Margin Review the contribution margin income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statements panels. Complete the following table from the data provided in the income statements. Each company sold 84,800 units during the year Cover-to-Cover Company Biblio Files Company Contribution margin ratio (percent) Unit contribution margin S Break-even sales (units) Break-even sales (dollars) Income Statement - Cover-to-Cover Cover-to-Cover Company Contribution Margin Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31 1 Sales $424,000 2 Variable costs: $233,200.00 21,200.00 4 3 Manufacturing Selling 3 Administrative Contribution margin 63,600.00 318,000 6 $106,000 7 Fixed costs * Manufacturing 4. Selling $5,000.00 4,000.00 10 Administrative 33,400.00 42,400 11 Income from operations $63,600 Income Statement - Biblio Files Biblio Files Company Contribution Margin Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31 1 Sales $424,000 2 Variable costs 3 Manufacturing $169,600.00 4 Selling 16,960.00 33,920.00 220,480 5 Administrative 6 Contribution margin $203,524 7 Fixed costs: * Manufacturing Selling $121,920.00 8.000.00 10,000.00 10 Administrative 139,924 11 Income from operations $63,604 Sales Mix Biblio Files Company is making plans for its next fiscal year, and decides to soll wo new types of bookshelves, Basic and Doluxo. The company has compiled the following estimates for the new product offerings. Type of Bookshelf Sales Price per Unit Basic $5.00 Deluxe $9.00 Variable Cost per Unit $1.75 $8.10 The company is interested in determining how many of each type of bookshell would have to be sold in order to break even W we think of the Basic and Deluxe products as components of one overall enterprise product called "Combined," the unit contribution margin for the Combined product would be $2.31. Fixed costs for the upcoming year are estimated at $346,962 Recall that the totals of all the sales mix porcents must be 100%, Determine the amounts to complete the following table. Type of Bookshell Percent of Sales Mix Break-Even Sales in Units Break-Even Sales in Dollars Basic Deluxe Target Profit Refer again to the income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statement panels. Note that both companies have the same sales and net income. Answer questions (1) - (3) that follow, assuming that all data for the coming year is the same as the current year, except for the amount of sales. It required, round answers to the nearest dollar 1. If Cover-to-Cover Company wants to increase its profit by $20,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be? 2. If Biblio Files Company wants to increase its profit by $20,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be? 5 3. What would explain the difference between your answers for (1) and (2)? The companies have goals that are not in the relevant range, Cover-to-Cover Company's contribution margin ratio is tower, meaning that it's more efficient in its operations, The answers are not different; each company has the same required sales amount for the coming year to achieve the desired target profit Biblo Files Company has a higher contribution margin ratio, and so more of each sales dollar is available to cover fixed costs and provide income from operations