Mean age of respondents was 21.1 years, 55.3% women, and 88.6% white (Table 1). Class rank was nearly evenly distributed across the 4 levels, with freshman making up 26.3% of the sample. Most respondents reported not being affiliated with a Greek organization (87.0%), and international students comprised 1.2% of the sample. Most of the sample reported growing up in a suburban neighborhood (60.3%). Most reported having never smoked tobacco cigarettes (45.3%), 37.7% reported being current tobacco smokers, and 17.0% were former smokers. Nearly 7.0% of e-cigarette users reported OSUE. Although women comprised most of the overall e-cigarette-using sample, significantly more men (57.0%) than women (43.0%) reported OSUE. Reflecting the general student population of the university, respondents reporting OSUE were predominantly white (93.5%) and from suburban households (66.4%). Most respondents reporting OSUE were of senior class rank (29.0%) and Greek affiliation was reported by 15.0%. None of the respondents who reported being an international student also reported OSUE. Current tobacco cigarette smokers were significantly more likely to report OSUE (51.0%) as compared with never (33.7%) and former (15.4%) smokers. Average perceived harm of using an e-cigarette was lower among respondents reporting OSUE but was not statistically significant. Past 30-day substance use was indicated by more respondents reporting OSUE as compared with respondents not reporting OSUE (Table 2). This held for all substances, except inhalants and methamphetamine, where neither substance was reported by respondents reporting OSUE. Differences between the 2 groups of e-cigarette users in terms of past 30-day substance were significant for alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and misused prescription pain medication. As shown in Table 3, "experimentation" was the most reported reason for e-cigarette use among e-cigarette users who did not report OSUE (31.6%), followed by "friends use" (20.8%) and "safer than cigarettes" (18.3%). Among e-cigarette users reporting OSUE, the most reported reason for e-cigarette use was "safer than cigarettes" (21.7%), followed by "experimentation" (18.9%) and "friends use" (17.0%). Regarding the type of other substance use in an e-cigarette, most of the OSUE respondents reported the use of cannabis or some derivative of cannabis (77.9%) in an e-cigarette (Table 4). Hookah, herbs/supplements, and other substances were each reported by 1.9% of respondents. Seventeen (16.4%) respondents reported OSUE but refused to report or did not know what the other substance was.

A. State the results of the research, describing how the researchers determined whether or not the results are statistically significant.

B. Describe the differences in the results between the groups in the study and support your description with examples from the study.