Memory is one of the major determining factor of processor's performance in modern computers. As

Moore's law predicts, the number of transistors in a clense integrated circuit doubles about every two

years. This is'however not the case with memory.

SUN Rock is one of the processors designed to support Chip Multithreading $($CMT$)$ to further tolerate

memory latency better. Multithreading enables tolerating cache miss latency when there is thread$-$level

parailelism $($TLP$).$ It tries to maximize throughput when threads are available and boost single$-$thread

performance when threads are not available and on cache misses. It does these by implementing

Runuhrad Mode on a cache miss and performing Branch predictions, to mention a few.

Explain what Runahead Muse is and how it works; mention advantages disadvantages and the

limitations$.$

Assume a SUN Rock processor takes four $(4)$ clock cycles to decode an instruction and stalls for eight

$(8)$ clock cycles on a cache miss. How many clock eycles can be saved when using runadhead mode

to execute two instructions each with a cache miss?