Mercer Asbestos Removal Company removes potentially toxic asbestos insulation and related products from buildings. There has been a long-simmering dispute between the company's estimator and the work supervisors. The on-site supervisors claim that the estimators do not adequately distinguish between routine work such as removal of asbestos insulation around heating pipes in older homes and nonroutine work such as removing asbestos-contaminated ceiling plaster in industrial buildings. The on-site supervisors believe that nonroutine work is far more expensive than routine work and should bear higher customer charges. The estimator sums up his position in this way: "My job is to measure the area to be cleared of asbestos. As directed by top management, I simply multiply the square footage by $2.80 to determine the bid price. Since our average cost is only $2.31 per square foot, that leaves enough cushion to take care of the additional costs of nonroutine work that shows up. Besides, it is difficult to know what is routine or not routine until you actually start tearing things apart." To shed light on this controversy, the company initiated an activity-based costing study of all of its costs. Data from the activity-based costing system follow: Activity Cost Pool Removing asbestos Estimating and job setup Working on nonroutine jobs Other (costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs) Activity Measure Thousands of square feet Number of jobs Number of nonroutine jobs Total Activity 800 thousand squarefeet 400 jobs 100 nonroutine jobs None Note: The 100 nonroutine jobs are included in the total of 400 jobs. Both nonroutine jobs and routine jobs require estimating and setup. S 332.000 740.000 Costs for the Year Wages and salaries Disposal fees Equipment depreciation On-site supplies office expenses Licensing and insurance Total cost 90,000 54 000 240,000 440 000 $ 1,896.000 Distribution of Resource Consumption Across Activities Working on Nonroutine Jobs 30% Removing Estimating and Asbestos Job Setup 509% 10% 709% 09% 4096 5% 6096 25% 409% 409% 25% 09% 3096 Other 109% 096 35% Wages and salaries Disposal fees Equipment depreciation On-site supplies Office expenses Licensing and insurance 20% 1596 Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 1596 60% 35% 15%