microphone. Second, speakers must avoid any speech that is obscene. The policy defines obscenity 1. Analyze the following scenario as "any speech that is sexually explicit." Third, in order to protect public health, no student who has flu-like symptoms, including Covid-19 symptoms, may access the free speech site. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Dark City in the United States adopted an ordinance prohibiting "speech or symbols that arouse anger in, deride or insult another on the basis of Covid-19 vaccination status." The City has charged a member of the Pro-Vax Society under 4. Analyze the following scenario that ordinance for displaying an emblem above the entrance to its headquarters. The City alleges that the emblem is derisive and insulting because the motto on the emblem proclaims trakr that "Anti-Vaxxers kill." Safety 2. Analyze the following scenario During the pandemic, and following a directive from the Ontario Provincial government, Pierre P., a Canadian citizen, came back to Montreal from Paris during the pandemic in 2021. He Universities across Ontario adopted a Covid-19 mandatory screening policy which required all was informed that he had to quarantine for 14 days because he had failed to upload his vaccine faculty, students, and staff to screen daily. Access to campus was granted only if they passed this status to ArriveCan. ArriveCan is an app operated by the Government of Canada, which all screening. This meant answering questions such as "Have you travelled outside Canada in the last travelers entering Canada had to use in order to provide mandatory travel information, including 14 days?" Has anyone who lives with you been outside Canada in the last 14 days? Do you have their COVID-19 proof of vaccination and quarantine details, before entering Canada. Furious, fever or shortness of breath? Are you fully vaccinated? Pierre P. burned his Canadian passport to protest against the obligation to use ArriveCan. He was arrested under a criminal law prohibiting the willful and knowing destruction of a Canadian 5. Analyze the following scenario passport. The state contends that passports are an efficient and effective means of verifying the identity of Canadian citizens. In Canada, John Doe posted several disgusting, discriminatory, and offensive messages about Martians and Neptunjans referring to them with slurs such as 'criminals' 'abusers' or 'thugs' on a public online forum. No Martians or Neptuniaus ever accessed the forum. Assume that 3. Analyze the following scenario Martians and Neptunians are among the protected groups in Canadian Criminal Law. The administration of State University in the US adopted a policy that established a free speech zone for students. The site is a small classroom with no windows. The policy established the 6. Explain the following quote by Thomas I. Emerson's 1962-1963 article entitled Toward a following conditions for access to the free speech zone. First, to facilitate the orderly use of the General Theory of the First Amendment. Illustrate your explanation with, at least, two facility and universal access to the amplification system, each speaker must adhere to a ten-minute examples, and critically analyze the quote. rule in which to make comments at the microphone if other speakers are waiting, but speakers are not limited in the number of times they can speak so long as they wait for additional turns at the The essence of a system of freedom of expression lies in the distinction between expression andaction. The whole theory rests upon the general proposition that expression must be free and of nuclear weapons are now accompanied by cyber-attacks, prolific disinformation and unrestrained, that the state may not seek to achieve other social objectives through control of manipulation of whole communities and societies. [...] What if that lie, told repeatedly, and expression, and that the attainment of such objectives can and must be secured through across many platforms, prompts, inspires, or motivates others to take up arms? To threaten the regulation of action. The dynamics of the system require that this line be carefully drawn and security of others. To turn a blind eye to atrocities, or worse, to become complicit in them. What strictly adhered to. then? This is no longer a hypothetical. The weapons of war have changed, they are upon us and require the same level of action and activity that we put into the weapons of old. We recognised the threats that the old weapons created. We came together as communities to minimise these 7. Explain the following quote by John Stuart Mill's 1859 book entitled On Liberty. Illustrate threats. We created international rules, norms and expectations. We never saw that as a threat to your explanation with at least, two examples, and critically analyze the quote. our individual liberties - rather, it was a preservation of them. The same must apply now as we Let us suppose, therefore, that the government is entirely at one with the people, and never thinks take on these new challenges. [...] And surely we can start with violent extremism and terrorist content online. [...] The weapons may be different but the goals of those who perpetuate them of exerting any power of coercion unless in agreement with what it conceives to be their voice. are often the same. To cause chaos and reduce the ability of others to defend themselves. To But I deny the right of the people to exercise such coercion, either by themselves or by their disband communities. To collapse the collective strength of countries who work together. But we government. The power itself is illegitimate. The best government has no more title to it than the have an opportunity here to ensure that these particular weapons of war do not become an worst. It is as noxious, or more noxious, when exerted in accordance with public opinion, than established part of warfare. when in or opposition to it. If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind. Were an opinion a personal possession of no value except to the owner; if to be obstructed in the enjoyment of it were simply a private injury, it would make some difference whether the injury was inflicted only on a few persons or on many. But the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error. 8. Critically analyze Jacinda Ardern's 2022 UN General Assembly speech quoted below. The face of war has changed. And with that, the weapons used. The tools used to challenge the statehood of others are hidden and more complex. Traditional combat, espionage and the threat