Miller Toy Company manufactures a plastic swimming pool at its Westwood Plant. The plant has been experiencing problems as shown by its June contribution format income statement below: Flexible Budget Sales (3,000 pools) Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold* Variable selling expenses Total variable expenses Contribution margin Fixed expenses: Manufacturing overhead Selling and administrative Total fixed expenses Net operating income (loss) $ 250,000 Actual $ 250,000 53,430 67,000 26,000 26,000 79,430 93,000 170,570 157,000 67,000 67,000 92,000 92,000 159,000 159,000 $ 11,570 $ (2,000) *Contains direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead. Janet Dunn, who has just been appointed general manager of the Westwood Plant, has been given instructions to "get things under control." Upon reviewing the plant's income statement, Ms. Dunn has concluded that the major problem lies in the variable cost of goods sold. She has been provided with the following standard cost per swimming pool: Standard Quantity or Hours Standard Price or Rate Direct materials Direct labor 4.2 pounds 0.5 hours $ 2.80 per pound $ 8.30 per hour Variable manufacturing overhead 0.5 hours* $ 3.80 per hour Standard Cost $ 11.76 4.15 1.90 Total standard cost per unit $ 17.81 *Based on machine-hours. During June the plant produced 3,000 pools and incurred the following costs: a. Purchased 17,600 pounds of materials at a cost of $3.25 per pound. b. Used 12,400 pounds of materials in production. (Finished goods and work in process inventories are insignificant and can be ignored.) c. Worked 2,100 direct labor-hours at a cost of $8.00 per hour. d. Incurred variable manufacturing overhead cost totaling $7,560 for the month. A total of 1,800 machine-hours was recorded. It is the company's policy to close all variances to cost of goods sold on a monthly basis.