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Mills Corporation acquired as a long-term investment $400,000 of 7% bonds, dated July 1, on July 1, 2018. Mills determined that it should account for

Mills Corporation acquired as a long-term investment $400,000 of 7% bonds, dated July 1, on July 1, 2018. Mills determined that it should account for the bonds as an available-for-sale investment. The market interest rate (yield) was 6% for bonds of similar risk and maturity. Mills paid $425,124 million for the bonds. The company will receive interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. As a result of changing market conditions, the fair value of the bonds at December 31, 2018, was $421,900. Moodys bond rating agency upgraded the risk rating of the bonds, and Mills decided to sell the investment on January 2, 2019, for $421,000. Prepare the Journal entries associated with an available for sale investment

1. July 1

Investment 400000
Premium 25124
cash 425124

2.

Cash 14000
Premium 1246
Interest income 12754

3.

Unrealized loss 1977
Investment 1977

4.

cash 421000
realized loss 2877
premium 23877
investment 398023
unrealized loss 1977

My question is why the investment in journal entry 4 is 398023 instead of 400000?

In the other example which is discount rather than premium and it has a realized gain at the end, why the investment will stay same as bond face, but this question the investment is changed?

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