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Calculate Lead Time Williams Optical Inc. is considering a new lean product cell. The present manufacturing approach produces a product in four separate steps. The production batch sizes are 65 units. The process time for each step is as follows: Process Step 1 Process Step 2 Process Step 3 Process Step 4 minutes 8 5 minutes minutes 6 minutes 4 between steps is 10 minutes. In addition, the time to move raw materials to Process Step 1 is also 10 minutes, and the time to move completed units from Process Step 4 to finished goods inventory is 10 The time required to move each batch minutes. The new lean layout will allow the company to reduce the batch sizes from 65 units to 4 units. The time required to move each batch between steps and the inventory locations will be reduced to 2 minutes. The processing time in each step will stay the same. Determine the value-added, non-value-added, and total lead times, and the value-added ratio under the present and proposed production approaches. If required, round percentages to one decimal place. Present Approach Proposed Approach Value-added time Non-value-added time Total lead time Value-added ratio (as a percent)