1. Minyuan Zhao's research on foreign direct investment shows that

_________ it is possible for global multinational companies to conduct frontier R&D in countries with weak intellectual property rights protection as long as the companies split the technology into parts, spreads those parts across countries around the world, and uses internal linkages to protect the IP

_________it is not the case that emerging markets with weak intellectual property rights protections can also have a large amount of underutilized and underpriced scientific talent