Miss Schaffe, a famous marathon runner and legal scholar, was out for a long run one day. While thinking about arguments for and against joint and several liability, she crossed the street between intersections without looking for oncoming traffic. A speeding car hit her; luckily only her leg was injured. Medical expenses came to $5000, but she was unable to run in the Boston marathon that year, something for which she has been training for the previous 5 years. Assume that the noneconomic loss (e.g., emotional distress and disappointment) of not being able to run in Boston is worth $500,000. Under each of the following liability standards, identify who is responsible for paying Miss Schmit's medical expenses and her noneconomic losses. a) Negligence rule with no defences. b) Negligence rule with a contributory negligence defence. e) Negligence rule with a comparative negligence defence. d) Absolute liability for drivers of vehicles involved in pedestrian accidents. (3 Marks) (6 Marks) (8 Marks) (3 Marks)