Montana Mining Co. (MMC) paid $200 million for the right to explore and extract rare metals from land owned by the state of Montana. To obtain the rights, MMC agreed to restore the land to a suitable condition for other uses after its exploration and extraction activities. MMC incurred exploration and development costs of $60 million on the project. MMC has a credit-adjusted risk free interest rate is 8%. It estimates the possible cash flows for restoring the land, three years after its extraction activities begin, as follows: (PV of $1, PVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)

Cash Outflow				Probability
$	17	million			40	%
$	51	million			60	%

The asset retirement obligation (rounded) that should be recognized by MMC at the beginning of the extraction activities is:

Multiple Choice

• $33 million.

• $45 million.

• $23.2 million.

• $29.7 million.