Mr. G is a white man, 54 years of age, with a past medical history of hypertension. At his yearly physical, he reports that he is doing well overall, with no complaints other than some dyspnea on exertion, which has been long-standing. Current medications include a thiazide diuretic and aspirin. He works as an accountant and does not get much physical activity during the day.

On exam, Mr. G is 5'11" and 210 lbs. His BMI is 29. This classifies him as overweight.

(BMI is used to define overweight and obesity, which is weight-adjusted for height. It is calculated by [weight in kg] divided by [height in meters]²OR [weight in pounds] divided by [height in inches]²x 703. A BMI of 25.0 or greater is defined as overweight, and a BMI of 30.0 or more is considered obese.)

His waist circumference is 40.5 inches, and his blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg (sitting) and 130/80 mm Hg (standing). His heart rate is 86 beats per minute, his temperature is 98.6° Fahrenheit, and his respiration is 18 breaths per minute. His physical exam is unremarkable. Laboratory data as follows:

Total cholesterol: 230 mg/dL (<200)

HDL: 38 mg/dL (>60)

LDL: 152 mg/dL (<150)

Triglycerides: 200 mg/dL (<150)

Glucose (fasting): 120 mg/dL (<99)

Based on his waist circumference, IFG, decreased HDL, and increased triglycerides, Mr. G. meets the definition of metabolic syndrome. Aggressive treatment of the risk factors is warranted.

Currently, Mr. G snacks on sugary treats throughout the day, as he does not take time to eat breakfast and frequently goes without lunch. By the time he eats dinner, relatively late in the evening, he is famished and tends to overeat. Mr. G has very little nutritional information about the food he eats. Either the physician can provide some basic dietary information, or the patient can be referred to a dietitian. The goals of dietary counseling for Mr. G would be:

Mr. G first should understand roughly how many calories he is consuming per day. His goal should be to consume no more than 2,000 calories per day. He may wish to keep a food log for two to three days to get a better idea of exactly how much he is eating. This log could be reviewed at the next visit.

He should divide the recommended calories over at least three meals. Eating breakfast should be emphasized, as there is data that supports the premise that eating breakfast helps to maintain one's weight rather than cause weight gain.

In addition, he should minimize snacking on food high in sugar, sodium, and added fat and substitute these for nutrient-dense food/beverage choices. Because he consumes a fair amount of soda, simply eliminating one can of soda per day could lead to a 5- to 10-pound weight loss over the course of a year. The emphasis should be on gradual lifestyle changes that are sustainable and acceptable to Mr. G.

Currently, Mr. G is not physically active. He does not engage in any type of exercise. After a discussion of activities, he either enjoys or might enjoy, it is agreed that he should begin a walking routine. He will begin walking with a goal of 30 minutes per day, with an initial goal of three days per week. Because he has been mostly sedentary, he can try to break the 30 minutes down into three 10-minute segments or two 15-minute segments, gradually building up to 30 minutes, and eventually 60 minutes, five days of the week. A program of interest to some patients is the 10,000 steps per day program. This is based on studies showing that a daily regimen of 10,000 steps can improve cardiovascular fitness and improve glycemic control. Depending upon stride, walking 10,000 steps is roughly equivalent to 5 miles. As a reference, most people average less than 5,000 steps per day, so 10,000 steps will represent a significant increase in activity. Mr. G's physician suggests that he start wearing a pedometer without changing activity level so a baseline can be obtained. For about three to four days, Mr. G writes down the amount at the end of each day, and calculates the average daily step count. As a weekly goal, he adds an additional 500 steps per day. His physician advises him to increase the number of steps until he reaches 10,000 steps per day. After a few weeks, Mr. G can add some resistance type exercises, such as pushups or workouts with light dumbbells.

As noted, Mr. G is on a thiazide for blood pressure control. Because his blood pressure is well controlled, this medication was not changed. Instead, the focus was to concentrate on lifestyle intervention (nutrition/physical activity) and re-evaluate in six to eight weeks.

 

 

Calculate the patient's daily Kcal needs

BMI

IBW

Adjusted wt: 

 

 

 

Determine the patient's protein needs:

 

 

Determine the patient's fluid needs

 

 

Determine the patient's fat needs

 

 

Assess his labs, meds, anthropometric measurements, eating habits, lifestyle

 

 

Identify two PES statements from dx and use ICD-10 (ICD-10 Description) to help his RD to solve the health issues of this patient and obtain reimbursement from patient. 

 

 

Compose your nutrition interventions 

 

F/U with nutrition monitoring and evaluation

 

 

1 paragraph of Comments/summary and How can you use that information professionally?