Mr. Lion, who is in the 37 percent tax bracket, is the sole shareholder of Toto,Inc., which manufactures greeting cards. Toto's average annual net profit (before deduction of Mr. Lion's salary) is $290,000. For each of the following cases, compute the income tax burden on this profit. (Ignore any payroll tax consequences.)

1. Mr. Lion's salary is $100,000, and Toto pays no dividends.
2. Mr. Lion's salary is $100,000, and Toto distributes its after-tax income as a dividend.
3. Toto is an S corporation. Mr. Lion's salary is $100,000, and Toto makes no cash distributions. Assume Toto's ordinary income qualifies for the 20 percent Section 199A deduction.
4. Toto is an S corporation. Mr. Lion draws no salary, and Toto makes no cash distributions. Assume Toto's ordinary income qualifies for the 20 percent Section 199A deduction.