Mr. Mohammed is a 32-year-old Saudi man who plays professional football. He was admitted for repair of a rotator cuff injury sustained in a game. In excellent shape, Mohammed has a muscular build and his body fat is 18%. He is transferred to the operating room, and the anesthesiologist begins to administer general anesthesia. During the induction of anesthesia, Mohammed develops tachycardia and dysrhythmias. His condition continues to deteriorate, and he becomes severely hypotensive and exhibits decreased cardiac output. The anesthesiologist states that Mr. Mohammed is developing malignant hyperthermia.

Questions:

1. What risk factor does Mr. Bond have for malignant hyperthermia?

2. What clinical manifestations of malignant hyperthermia does Mr. Bond demonstrate?

3. Based on the patients condition, the surgical procedure is stopped and 100% oxygen is started. Additionally, a muscle relaxant and sodium bicarbonate are administered. What are the rationales for these medications?