Multiple choice/ true false. No explanation needed. Answer quickly.

1 An example of a categorical variable used in a chi-square test is:

A The number of times a person presses a button in a button pressing experiment

B The amount of liquid the average person drinks per day

C The brand of car that a person drives

D The frequency of past drug usage from a longitudinal study

2

In a chi-square test for goodness of fit, the research hypothesis is that:

A the proportion of people across categories is the same

B the variances of the populations of categories are the same

C the means of the two populations of categories are the same

D the proportion of people across categories is different

3

The main idea of the chi-square test is to compare the estimated population means, to see if they vary from each other more than by chance.

True

False

4

An experimenter planned a study in which a crucial step was offering participants a sweet reward, and having three sweet rewards that were equal in appeal was important. Thus, participants in a pre-study were asked which of three rewards they preferred. Of the 60 participants, 12 preferred cupcakes, 26 preferred candy bars, and 22 favored cookies. Use the .01 significance level and chi-square test for goodness-of-fit. What is the null hypothesis?

A People do not prefer a certain type of sweet over another

B People prefer candy bars more than other types of sweets

C People prefer cupcakes more than other types of sweets

D People do prefer a certain type of sweet over another

5

When discussing the pattern in a contingency table (table used for the test for independence), the word "cell" means:

A The place where you locate the chi-square

B The entire chart showing frequencies in each combination of categories

C The combination of categories for two variables

D The situation of no relationship between two variables

6

Which of the following is not a possible value in a chi-square distribution?

A 0

B 20

C -18

D 50

7

An experimenter planned a study in which a crucial step was offering participants a sweet reward, and having three sweet rewards that were equal in appeal was important. Thus, participants in a pre-study were asked which of three rewards they preferred. Of the 60 participants, 12 preferred cupcakes, 26 preferred candy bars, and 22 favored cookies. Use the .01 significance level and chi-square test for goodness-of-fit.What is the correct cutoff score?

A 9.211

B 5.992

C 7.815

D 9.488

8

An experimenter planned a study in which a crucial step was offering participants a sweet reward, and having three sweet rewards that were equal in appeal was important. Thus, participants in a pre-study were asked which of three rewards they preferred. Of the 60 participants, 12 preferred cupcakes, 26 preferred candy bars, and 22 favored cookies. Use the .01 significance level and chi-square test for goodness-of-fit. What is the correct decision and conclusion?

A Reject the null hypothesis; Conclude the data support the hypothesis that people differentially prefer cupcakes over candy bars

B Reject the null hypothesis; Conclude the data support the hypothesis that people differentially prefer sweets

C Reject the null hypothesis; Conclude the data support the hypothesis that people differentially prefer candy bars over cupcakes

D Do not reject the null hypothesis; Conclude the data do not support the hypothesis that people differentially prefer sweets

9

One unsettled controversy regarding chi-square tests has to do with:

A small expected frequencies

B small observed frequencies

C large observed frequencies

D large expected frequencies

10

What is the research hypothesis in a chi-square test for independence?

A The means of the populations are equal

B The means of the populations are not equal

C The two population variances are independent

D The two variables are related (dependent) in the population

11

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence:

A varies from test to test depending on the number of rows and columns

Bis constant across all data sets

C is always a negative number

D always equals 1

12

In a small country, 100 randomly selected people were surveyed about their socioeconomic class and religious affiliation. The results and an excerpt from the results section of this fictional study follow. Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, the working class differed from the middle class in the distribution of religious identification, ² (4, N = 100) = 11.73, p<.05."

Of the total population, what percentage were made up of agnostics, atheists, and others?

Religion	Working Class	Middle Class
Agnostic	7	6
Atheist	8	5
Protestant	22	7
Catholic	19	8
Other	9	9

Group of answer choices

A 24%

B 44%

C 47%

D52%

13.

In a small country, 100 randomly selected people were surveyed about their socioeconomic class and religious affiliation. The results and an excerpt from the results section of this fictional study follow. Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, the working class differed from the middle class in the distribution of religious identification, ² (4, N = 100) = 11.73, p<.05."

What percentage of the middle class was Catholic?

Religion	Working Class	Middle Class
Agnostic	7	6
Atheist	8	5
Protestant	22	7
Catholic	19	8
Other	9	9

Group of answer choices

A 18%

B 12%

C 27%

D 23%

14.Typical applications of the chi-square test include comparing:

A Children's enjoyment of play with a specific toy at age 2 and again at age 4

B The number of people of different ethnicities working in a particular company with the proportions of those ethnicities in the general public

C A dog's selection of dog food when presented with 3 options today and tomorrow

D Student preference for studying while sitting or lying down assessed as sophomores and again as seniors

15.

In a chi-square test of independence:

A The research hypothesis is that two nominal variables are independent

B The null hypothesis is that two nominal variables are independent