Multiple Choice:

Which of the following is a type of supervised learning?

a$)$ K$-$means clustering

b$)$ Principal Component Analysis $($PCA$)$

c$)$ Linear Regression

d$)$ Autoencoders

Which metric is commonly used for evaluating classification models?

a$)$ Mean Squared Error $($MSE$)$

b$)$ R$-$squared

c$)$ Accuracy

d$)$ Silhouette Score

In the context of neural networks, what does the term "backpropagation" refer to$?$

a$)$ A method for initializing weights

b$)$ A technique for regularizing models

c$)$ An algorithm for updating weights

d$)$ A way to split data into training and test sets

Which of the following is not a feature scaling technique?

a$)$ Min$-$Max Scaling

b$)$ Standardization

c$)$ One$-$Hot Encoding

d$)$ Normalization

What is the main purpose of the validation set in machine learning?

a$)$ To train the model

b$)$ To test the final model performance

c$)$ To tune the hyperparameters

d$)$ To visualize the data

What is a perceptron in the context of neural networks?

a$)$ A type of loss function

b$)$ A linear classifier

c$)$ A type of optimization algorithm

d$)$ A data preprocessing technique

Which of the following best describes genetic algorithms?

a$)$ A type of reinforcement learning

b$)$ An optimization technique based on natural selection

c$)$ A clustering method

d$)$ A type of neural network architecture

In evolutionary computation, what is "crossover"?

a$)$ Selecting individuals from the population

b$)$ Combining parts of two parent solutions to create a new solution

c$)$ Mutating a solution to explore new possibilities

d$)$ Evaluating the fitness of a solution

Which activation function is commonly used in the hidden layers of a neural network?

a$)$ Linear

b$)$ Sigmoid

c$)$ ReLU $($Rectified Linear Unit$)$

d$)$ Softmax

What is the main purpose of the learning rate in training neural networks?

a$)$ To control the amount of regularization

b$)$ To determine the number of neurons in each layer

c$)$ To scale the weight updates during training

d$)$ To adjust the size of the input data