n$....$ The National Labor Relations Act was enacted to protect union$-$organizing activity and encourage collective bargaining.

In an open$-$shop working environment, workers are paid based on which union hall they belong to$.$

$..$ The calculation of fringe benefits is based on gross pay, whereas FICA is based on straight$-$time hours.

$..$ If a general contractor does not feel like.paying worker's compensation fees, then the contractor does not have to$.$ Each state has appropriated funds that will cover this option.