Narcisco Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces:

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	90.00
Materials cost		18.00
Labor cost		9.00
Overhead cost		12.60
Selling, general, and administrative costs		14.40
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	270,000
Selling, general, and administrative		108,000

Assume that Narcisco actually produced and sold 32,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow.

Actual price and variable costs
Sales price	$	87.00
Materials cost		18.40
Labor cost		8.80
Overhead cost		12.70
Selling, general, and administrative costs		14.00
Actual fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	250,000
Selling, general, and administrative		116,000

Required

a. & b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)