Natalie was pregnant and had been going to her OB$-$GYN appointments for her whole pregnancy. She had a health insurance policy with Best Insurance, Inc. She paid $$500$ copay in total for these appointments $($Her doctor was in$-$network$).$ She was planning for delivery at an in$-$network hospital with her doctor.

Due to some complications, on July $28,$ she was taken into the ER at her chosen hospital. Unfortunately, her chosen doctor was out of town on that day. Instead, an on$-$call doctor, Dr$.$ Smith, at the hospital took her case. Natalie did not know that Dr$.$ Smith was not in her insurance network. Luckily, the baby was delivered safely.

On the baby$$s $2$nd day $($July $29),$ the hospital usually does a hearing test. Even though, this test can be done with a pediatrician later, Natalie chose to do it with the hospital.

Because of the complications, Natalie and her new baby were discharged on July $31,$ one day longer

than usual. They spent $4$ days in the hospital.

Here is the hospital bill for Natalie and her baby $($before insurance$)$:

$1)$ Hospital room and equipment: $$2,500$ x $4$ days $=$ $$10,000$

$2)$ Care for the mother $($to pay the nurses$)$: $$500$ x $4$ days $=$ $$2,000$

$3)$ Care for the baby $($to pay the nurses$)$: $$500$ x $4$ days $=$ $$2,000$

$4)$ Hearing test: $$1,000$

Dr$.$ Smith also sent Natalie a separate bill:

$5)$ Delivery: $$5,000$

$6)$ Care for the baby right after birth: $$3,000$

Some information about Natalie insurance:

$-$ Deductible: $$1,500<=$ aggregate, applied for the policy as a whole, part of out$-$of$-$pocket amount

$-$ Coinsurance: $20/80$

$-$ Maximum out$-$of$-$pocket: $$2,500<=$ applied for each person on the policy

$-$ Newborn baby should be covered under the mother$$s insurance for the first $3$ days.

Some additional information about the baby$$s insurance.

$-$ The baby$$s insurance would not kick in until the start of the next month $($Aug $1).$

$-$ For simplification, the baby got a new policy $($instead of being Natalie$$s dependent$)$ with same terms as Natalie$$s$.$

INSTRUCTIONS:

$-$ You should solve for each of the $6$ different expenses one at a time.

For example: In your report, it should show up like this:

$1)$ Hospital room and equipment: $$10,000$

Natalie pays: $X

Insurance pays: $Y

Reasons: $($show your formula and$/$or your argument$)$

$-$ You should be as creative as possible. Apply as many principles$/$provisions that you learned as possible. However, your arguments must be correct and rational. You cannot say something like $$Because I don$$t want to pay$.$ Imagine that you are arguing in court and present your opinions.

$-$ Try to minimize the amount that you have to pay. You are playing the role of Natalie, find the valid reasons why insurance company should pay. Try to minimize the amount natalie pays as much as you can