National ID Card System Database

In an effort to streamline identification processes and enhance national security, a country is

implementing a comprehensive National ID Card System. The database will manage information

related to citizens, government agencies, and the issuance and verification of National ID cards.

Citizens are the central entities, each identified by a unique citizen ID$,$ and include attributes such as

name, date of birth, address, and biometric data.

To ensure the accuracy and security of information, the system includes government agencies

responsible for citizen registration and verification. Each agency is identified by an agency code and

includes details such as name, location, and the scope of services provided.

The issuance of National ID cards involves a structured process. A citizen applies for an ID card

through a designated government agency, providing necessary documentation. The system records

the application date, processing status, and any additional information required for verification. Once

approved, the National ID card is issued, and the database stores details such as card number, issue

date, and expiration date.

To enhance security and prevent identity theft, the system incorporates biometric data verification

during ID card presentation. The database also records instances of ID card verification, including the

date, verifying agency, and the outcome of the verification process.

As technology evolves, the National ID Card System is considering the integration of digital ID cards

stored on citizens' smartphones. The database would need to adapt to include information related to

digital ID cards, mobile devices, and the security protocols associated with digital identification.

Questions:

Identify the entities in this scenario. Define the relationships between the entities. List the

attributes for each entity. Determine the cardinalities of the relationships.

Using CHEN notation, draw an Entity$-$Relationship Diagram $($ERD$)$ for the given scenario.

Discuss if any generalization concept could be applied in this scenario, particularly in the

context of integrating digital ID cards, and justify your answer.

Draw the erd