Nausea and Subject Vomiting? 2 0 4 0 0 6 0 OO 0 10 11 0 12 0 13 14 O 15 0 What is the estimated 95% confidence interval (CI) of the proportion of schoolchildren developing nausea and vomiting following holiday parties? Please note the following: 1) 0 and 1 are defined as no and yes, respectively, which is a typicaltime. Specically, the landscapers are to wear short sleeve shirts while outside working during a period of three weeks. After three weeks, you collect blood specimens and the landscapers are then to wear tank tops for the next three weeks under the same working conditions, after which you collect blood draws a second time. You obtain research funding to randomly sample 48 landscapers, collect blood samples at two different time points as described above, and send these samples to your collaborating lab in order to quantify the amount of vitamin D in the landscapers' blood. After anxiously awaiting your colleagues to complete their lab quantification protocol, they email you the following vitamin D level data as shown in the following table. Time Point 1, Shirts Time Point 2, Tank Vitamin D Tops Subject (ng/mL) Vitamin D (ng/mL) 1 51.194 39.914 2 41.442 39.010 3 49.154 35.538 4 42.665 31.920 5 46.242 34.011 6 53.161 32.438 7 \"H9340 4* What is the estimated 95% condence interval (CI) of the average difference in blood vitamin D levels between short sleeve shirt and tank top attire amongst US landscapers in ng/mL? Please note the following: 1) in practice, you as the analyst decide how to calculate the difference in vitamin D levels between time points for a given study participant, and subsequently interpret the aggregated results appropriately in the context of the data, though for the purposes of this exercise the difference is assigned for you as follows. Dene the difference as the second minus the first time points, which is common practice, since the plus or minus sign of the resulting difference reects any change over sequential time; 2) you might calculate a Cl that is different from any of the multiple choice options listed below due to rounding differences, therefore select the closest match; 3) ensure you use either the large or small sample Cl formula as appropriate; and 4) you may copy and paste the data into Excel to facilitate analysis. Select one: 0 a. -10.14to-6.60 ng/mL O b. 43.36 to -6.52 ng/mL O c. 41.52 to -7.76 ng/mL 0 d. -1 2.73 to -8.27 ng/mL What is the estimated 95% condence interval (CI) of the average difference in blood vitamin D levels between US landscapers and ofce workers in ng/mL? Assign groups 1 and 2 to be landscapers and ofce workers, respectively. Please note the following: 1) in practice, you as the analyst decide how to assign groups 1 and 2 and subsequently interpret the results appropriately in the context of the data, though for the purposes of this exercise the groups are assigned for you; 2) you might calculate a Cl that is different from any of the multiple choice options listed below clue to rounding differences, therefore select the closest match; 3) ensure you use either the large or small sample Cl formula as appropriate; and 4) you may copy and paste the data into Excel to facilitate analysis. Select one: 0 a. -3.89 to 1.13 ng/mL O b. -3.46 to 1.05 ng/mL O c. -3.22 to 1.15 ng/mL 0 d. -3.84 to 1.16 ng/mL Recall in our discussion of the normal distribution the research study that examined the blood vitamin D levels of the entire US population of landscape gardeners. The intent of this large-scale and comprehensive study was to characterize fully this population of landscapers as normally distributed with a corresponding population mean and standard deviation, which were determined from the data collection of the entire population. Suppose you are now in a different reality in which this study never took place though you are still interested in studying the average vitamin D levels of US landscapers. In other words, the underlying population mean and standard deviation are now unknown to you. Furthermore, you would like to examine if wearing tank tops instead of short sleeve shirts signicantly effects vitamin D levels. To accomplish this, you propose to collect data from the landscapers at two different points in time. Specically, the landscapers are to wear short sleeve shirts while outside working during a period of three weeks. After three weeks, you collect blood specimens and the landscapers are then to wear tank tops for the next three weeks under the same working conditions, after which you collect blood draws a second time. You obtain research funding to randomly sample 48 landscapers, collect blood samples at two different time points as described above, and 4. 37 49.215 35.514 38 54.548 40.197 39 36.375 38.502 40 36.429 35.733 41 47.529 33.990 42 56.798 46.640 43 40.831 38.228 44 51.582 28.464 45 52.530 38.977 46 47.930 39.457 47 54.918 36.609 48 43.014 38.386 What is the estimated 95% confidence interval (CI) of the average difference in blood vitamin D levels between short sleeve shirt and tank top attire amongst US landscapers in ng/ml? Please note the following: 1) in practice, you as the analyst decide how to calculate the difference in vitamin D levels between time points for a given study participant, and subsequently interpret the aggregated results appropriately in the context of the data, though for the purposes of this exercise the difference is assigned for you as follows. Define the difference as the second minus the first time\f40 27.582 40 41 42 4s 45 40.247 46 39.020 47 34.227 48 39.594 What is the estimated 95% condence interval (CI) of the average difference in blood vitamin D levels between US landscapers and ofce workers in ng/mL? Assign groups 1 and 2 to be landscapers and ofce workers, respectively. Please note the following: 1) in practice, you as the analyst decide how to assign groups 1 and 2 and subsequently interpret the results appropriately in the context of the data, though for the purposes of this exercise the groups are assigned for you; 2) you might calculate a Cl that is different from any of the multiple choice options listed below due to rounding differences, therefore select the closest match; 3) ensure you use either the large or small sample Cl formula as appropriateI and 4) you 4| Recall in our discussion of the binomial distribution the research study that examined schoolchildren developing nausea and vomiting following holiday parties. The intent of this study was to calculate probabilities corresponding to a specified number of children becoming sick out of a given sample size. Recall also that the probability, i.e. the binomial parameter "p" defined as the probability of "success" for any individual, of a randomly selected schoolchild becoming sick was given. Suppose you are now in a different reality, in which this binomial probability parameter pis now unknown to you but you are still interested in carrying out the original study described above, though you must first estimate p with a certain level of confidence. You obtain research funding to randomly sample 15 schoolchildren with an inclusion criterion that he/she must have recently attended a holiday party, and conduct a medical evaluation by a certified pediatrician. After anxiously awaiting your pediatrician colleague to complete her medical assessments, she emails you data contained in the following table. Nausea and Subject Vomiting? - 216 53.065 34.895 17 46.816 33.485 18 41.571 38.817 19 42.252 37.210 20 47.788 31.879 21 33.625 36.046 22 52.588 38.069 23 51.806 37.699 24 38.272 32.816 25 51.509 35.853 26 47.424 48.538 27 47.343 32.510 28 56.653 35.858 29 47.719 39.550 30 44.367 40.416 31 40.617 35.149 32 36.063 33.205 33 44.932 38.944 34 45.336 31.561 35 53.127 41.375 36 44.070 41.500 37 49.215 35.514\fTime Point 1, Shirts Time Point 2, Tank Vitamin D Tops Subject (ng/ml) Vitamin D (ng/ml) 51.194 39.914 2 41.442 39.010 3 49.154 35.538 4 42.665 31.920 5 46.242 34.011 6 53.161 32.438 7 43.667 29.840 8 43.991 31.336 9 43.802 38.108 10 44.143 39.809 11 40.818 44.698 12 35.904 31.789 13 55.026 38.543 14 46.689 31.562 15 41.210 30.418 16 53.065 34.895Recall in our discussion of the normal distribution the research study that examined the blood vitamin D levels of the entire US population of landscape gardeners. The intent of this large-scale and comprehensive study was to characterize fully this population of landscapers as normally distributed with a corresponding population mean and standard deviation, which were determined from the data collection of the entire population. Suppose you are now in a different reality in which this study never took place though you are still interested in studying the average vitamin D levels of US landscapers. In other words, the underlying population mean and standard deviation are now unknown to you. Furthermore, you would like to collect data from US ofce workers to examine the difference between the average vitamin D levels of landscapers and ofce workers, which will reect any occupational sun exposure differences as measured by blood vitamin D levels. You obtain research funding to sample at random 44 landscapers and 48 office workers, collect blood samples, and send these samples to your collaborating lab in order to quantify the amount of vitamin D in both groups' blood. After anxiously awaiting your colleagues to complete their lab quantification protocol, they email you the following vitamin D level data as shown in the following tables. 12 0 13 14 0 15 0 What is the estimated 95% confidence interval (CI) of the proportion of schoolchildren developing nausea and vomiting following holiday parties? Please note the following: 1) 0 and 1 are defined as no and yes, respectively, which is a typical coding scheme in Public Health; 2) you might calculate a Cl that is different from any of the multiple choice options listed below due to rounding differences, therefore select the closest match; and 3) you may copy and paste the data into Excel to facilitate analysis. Select one: O a. 0.152 to 0.648 O b. 0.141 to 0.606 O c. 0.137 to 0.713 O d. 0.169 to 0.752