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Q5. In land surveying, coordinate transformation of cadastral maps is needed where, as a result of technological changes, maps have different scales, coordinate systems, base types, used various measurement and calculation methods, and are either digital or non-digital format. Once digitised then similarity, affine, and projective coordinate transformations can be applied. The sensitivity and reliability of an adjustment solution is represented by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) which varies dependent on several factors. Results for Turkish cadastral maps using affine coordinate transformations are shown in Table 05.1, where Map Scale represents the reduction or enlargement ratio of the real image (here 1/1000 is the low setting and 1/500 the high setting), Number of Common Points represents the common points used to determine the relationship between two coordinate systems (low setting: 4, high setting: 20). Adjustment Method refers to two commonly used adjust methods in affine transformation (low setting: LAV, high setting: LS). Factors RMSE (Adjustment Method) LS Run# 1 9.521 2 3 4 5 B (Number of A (Map Scale) Common Points) 1/500 20 1/1000 20 1/500 4 1/1000 20 1/1000 4 1/500 4 1/500 20 1/1000 4 LAV LAV LS LAV LS LAV 25.322 5.463 16.321 10.428 2.706 10.110 3.426 II 7.286 20.119 9.920 14.530 10.625 3.800 6.574 5.711 6 7 8 LS Table Q5.1. Results and experimental factors for the DOE simulations. b) Use standard contrast equations to calculate to three decimal places (d.p.) the effects for the data. Show your calculations in all cases. (8 marks) Q5. In land surveying, coordinate transformation of cadastral maps is needed where, as a result of technological changes, maps have different scales, coordinate systems, base types, used various measurement and calculation methods, and are either digital or non-digital format. Once digitised then similarity, affine, and projective coordinate transformations can be applied. The sensitivity and reliability of an adjustment solution is represented by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) which varies dependent on several factors. Results for Turkish cadastral maps using affine coordinate transformations are shown in Table 05.1, where Map Scale represents the reduction or enlargement ratio of the real image (here 1/1000 is the low setting and 1/500 the high setting), Number of Common Points represents the common points used to determine the relationship between two coordinate systems (low setting: 4, high setting: 20). Adjustment Method refers to two commonly used adjust methods in affine transformation (low setting: LAV, high setting: LS). Factors RMSE (Adjustment Method) LS Run# 1 9.521 2 3 4 5 B (Number of A (Map Scale) Common Points) 1/500 20 1/1000 20 1/500 4 1/1000 20 1/1000 4 1/500 4 1/500 20 1/1000 4 LAV LAV LS LAV LS LAV 25.322 5.463 16.321 10.428 2.706 10.110 3.426 II 7.286 20.119 9.920 14.530 10.625 3.800 6.574 5.711 6 7 8 LS Table Q5.1. Results and experimental factors for the DOE simulations. b) Use standard contrast equations to calculate to three decimal places (d.p.) the effects for the data. Show your calculations in all cases. (8 marks)