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7. (a) (i) What economic uses are made of a Consumer Price Index? (ii) Explain how a Consumer Price Index is constructed (25 marks) (b) Explain the likely economic effects on the Irish economy of a significant increase in the annual rate of price inflation. (25 marks) (c) Outline the economic role played by TWO of the following international banking organisations: (i) The International Monetary Fund (IMF); (ii) The World Bank; (iii) The European Central Bank (ECB). (25 marks) [75 marks] 8. (a) The government announced plans to decentralise/re-locate many government departments and state agencies throughout the country. Discuss TWO possible economic advantages and TWO possible economic disadvantages of this policy for the development of the Irish economy. (20 marks) (b) It is argued that the Irish economy is currently experiencing close to full employment (i) Explain the underlined term. (ii) Discuss TWO economic benefits and TWO economic difficulties of a full employment economy in Ireland today. (25 marks) (c) There has been high expenditure in recent years on developing transport and communications infrastructure in Ireland. With the use of examples, outline TWO possible social costs and TWO possible social benefits of these developments. (30 marks) [75 marks]5. (a) Among Adam Smith's contributions to economic thought, was his Canons of Taxation. State and explain Adam Smith's FOUR Canons of Taxation. (ii) Do you consider that these Canons are useful for analysing the taxation system in Ireland today? Justify your answer. (25 marks) (b) Outline possible positive and negative economic consequences of a Government Current Budget Surplus. (25 marks) (c) You are the economic advisor to the Minister for Finance. The Minister is considering raising tax revenue through indirect taxation. Discuss the economic advantages and economic disadvantages of such a policy. (25 marks) [75 marks] 6. (a) (i) Explain why international trade is essential for the Irish economy. (ii) Has Ireland, in recent years, tended to have a surplus or a deficit on the Balance of Payments Current Account? Outline the economic consequences of this situation. (30 marks) (b) State and explain how imports into the Euro-zone would be affected by each of the following developments: the US dollar rises in value against the euro; (ii employment within the Euro-zone increases. (20 marks) (c) Ireland has attracted many multinational companies to establish operations in recent years. There has also been a recent trend for some of these companies to relocate to eastern Europe or Asia. (i) Outline reasons why these multinational companies locate in Ireland. (ii) Outline possible reasons for the current relocation to other regions. (25 marks) [75 marks]{I} ill} in} {II {II} it} Distinguish between the following terms. using relevant examples in each case: {i} {ii} {iii} Fixed Capital and Social Capital; Savings and Investment; Capital Widening and Capital Deepening. (2i marks} State and explain FIFE factors affecting the level of investment in the Irish economy. {i} {ii} {ii {ii} ii} {iii {Hi} {it} (25 haunts} State and explain Keynes's THREE motives for holding money. Explain. with the aid ofa diagramts}. Keynes's theory on the relationship between the holding of money and the rate of interest. (2.5 near-rte} ['25 marks] Explain what is meant by the term 'Na'tional Iaceme'. In Ireland at present. would you expect GNP to be greater than. equal to. or less than. GDP? Explain your answer. (It? marks} Explain what is meant by the term 'the multiplier'. State the formula by which the multiplier is measured in an open economy. Explain the variable elements in the formula. It has been estimated that in the lrish economy: MPH = fist. MFT = I124. MFS = 1126. Calculate the value of the multiplier in the Irish Economy. Show your workings. (it? marks) Gross National Product at Cmrent Market Prices for the year 2W5 in Ireland was approximately 45% higher than the gtu'e for the year 2000. State and explain the relevance of FDIJR other pieces ofeconomic information which you would use to assess whether or not the average standard of living had also risen by approximately 45% between 2m and 20115. (234' marks} [25 maria] 1. (a) For analytical purposes economists make certain assumptions about consumer behaviour. State and explain FOUR principal assumptions. (15 marks) (b) A manufacturer of three different products calculates the price elasticity of demand for each product as follows: Product X: -1.5 Product Y: -1.0 Product Z: -0.3 The company wishes to maximise its revenues. Explain in respect of each of these products, what change, if any, the company should make in the prices currently being charged to enable it to achieve its aim. (30 marks) (c) A consumer buys 10 units of Good A when the price of Good B is 65. When the price of Good B rises to 66 (the price of Good A remaining unchanged) the consumer buys 14 units of Good A. (i) Define cross elasticity of demand. (ii) Using an appropriate formula, calculate this consumer's cross elasticity of demand for Good A. Show your workings. (iii) Is Good A a substitute for, or a complement to, Good B? Explain your reasoning. (30 marks) [75 marks] 2. (a) State and explain THREE key features of an oligopolistic market. (15 marks) (b) With the aid of ONE clearly labelled diagram: (1) Explain the shape of the 'kinked demand curve' under oligopoly. (ii) Explain the long run equilibrium position of a firm facing a 'kinked demand curve'. (iii) Explain what is meant by the term "rigidity of prices' under a "kinked demand curve'. (35 marks) (c) (i) Explain THREE types of collusion which may occur in an oligopolistic market. (ii) Do you believe that the Irish retail market for banking services (e.g. personal current accounts.) operates under oligopolistic conditions? Explain your answer. (25 marks) [75 marks]
