need help with these two questions

Question 18 Which of the following steps did the EU take before issuing the Euro as a shared currency? Establish a European Central Bank. Lower barriers to trade between its members through a free trade agreement. O Encourage the free flow of capital and labor between its members. O All of the above. Question 19 Which of the following contributed to the debt crisis experienced by the Bank of Ireland in 2008? O The IMF provided an emergency loan through the European Central Bank. O The Irish government had a record high deficit in 2007. O The Irish government debt exceeded the EU limit of 60% of GDP in 2007. O Ireland did not have an independent currency. O All of the above