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What's New Activity 1: Kinds of Erosion Materials: Splash erosion o large piece of white bulletin board paper dropper or pipette watch glass or shallow saucer o 2-3 tablespoons of soil Procedure: 1. Place 2-3 tbsp. of soil in a saucer. 2. Holding the dropper/pipette approximately 1 meter above the watch glass/saucer filled with dirt, predict what will happen when the water is dropped on the saucer full of dirt. Demonstrate several splashes. Observe and record your observation/s. Wind erosion o 5-10 cups of sand to create a hill a blow dryer with cylindrical barrel a trough for a wind chamber wooden matches, sticks, or coins Procedure: 1. Create a hill using 5-10 cups of sand. Predict the results of turning on the blow dryer. 2. Turn the dryer on low. Observe and record the changing landscape. 4. Stand a couple of matchsticks or coins in the sand and allow the dryer to continue blowing while observing. Water, or fluvial, erosion o large container filled with water (coffee can or bucket) o a means by which the water container can be raised above the erosion surface (ring stand with screen to support water container; raised window sill) o a long board to create a slope (Note: Plastic sleds also work well.) long sheet of plastic to cover board and drain water off large container for collection of the runoff water 0 a small rectangular wood block o plastic or rubber tubing 5 Procedure: 1. Set up a slope. 2. Cover the entire surface of the plastic-covered board with soil. Pat into place. 3. Fill coffee can with water and place on ring stand shelf. Hold the can firmly in place. 4. Fill the tubing with water. Cover one end of the tube with your finger. Submerge tubing in coffee can and hold in place. 5. Ask somebody to place his or her finger over the other end of the tubing. Predict what will happen when the lower end of the tube is placed in the soil. (Water should siphon through the tube and flow steadily through the soil.) 6. Observe and discuss the resulting land forms. 7. Stand a block of wood in the resulting soil bank along the flowing stream. Discuss how this could represent construction of buildings in the area and Observe effects of the water flow. 8. Lay the wood block on its side in an attempt to dam the water. Discuss resulting changes in the flow and landforms. What is It Lesson 1. Types of erosion Splash, wind, and running water (fluvial) erosion are three of many types of erosion. The following words and pictures explain the difference between these three. Splash Erosion This erosion is caused by the impact of falling raindrops. Raindrops impacting the soil surface disperse and splash the soil, displacing particles from their original position. Splash erosion is causedWhat is It Lesson 1. Types of erosion Splash, wind, and running water (fluvial) erosion are three of many types of erosion. The following words and pictures explain the difference between these three. Splash Erosion This erosion is caused by the impact of falling raindrops. Raindrops impacting the soil surface disperse and splash the soil, displacing particles from their original position. Splash erosion is caused by the bombardment of soil surface by impacting raindrops. Processes of splash erosion involve raindrop impact, splash of soil particles, and formation of craters. Wind Erosion Wind erosion refers to the damage of land as a result of wind removing soil from an area. Most often, wind erosion occurs on flat land in dry or sandy areas. It can happen anywhere and anytime the wind blows. Wind erosion can occur in any area where the soil or sand is not compacted or is of a finely granulated nature. When the wind moves lose soil and dirt particles, this would be an example of deflation. When airborne particles cause land mass to wear away or erode, on the other hand, this is an example of abrasion. In saltation, the major fraction of soil moved by the wind and fine soil particles are lifted into the air and drift horizontally across the surface increasing in velocity as they go. Suspension, on the other hand, occurs when very fine dirt and dust particles are lifted into the wind. They can be thrown into the air through impact with other particles or by the wind itself. In surface creep movement, the large particles which are too heavy to be lifted into the air are moved. Photo Credit: Liberal dictionary- Erosion Water Erosion Moving water is the most important natural erosional agent. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain, runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation. Rainwater in the form of runoff is the main driver of water erosion. It refers to the movement of soil organic and inorganic particles along the soil surface with flowing water and deposition of the eroded materials at lower landscape positions in aquatic ecosystems. The eroded material can either form a new soil or simply fill lakes, reservoirs, and streams. Water erosion Photos Credit: earthonlinemedia.com occurs in all soils to varying degrees. Rivers - Rivers can create a significant amount of erosion over time. They break up particles along the river bottom and carry them downstream. One example of river erosion is the Grand Canyon which was formed by the Colorado River. Waves - Ocean waves can cause the coastline to erode. The shear energy and force of the waves causes pieces of rock and coastline to break off changing the coastline over time. Floods - Large floods can cause erosion to happen very quickly acting like powerful rivers. Delta, the triangular-shaped deposits formed when the river empties into the ocean 77 What's More Activity 2: How Does Erosion Affect My World? This activity challenges you to: make detailed and fact-based qualitative and quantitative observations . identify actual problems that are the result of erosion and related processes Think It Through: Find a location at your school that appears to be affected by erosion, then answer the following questions. What are your first impressions about this area or situation? What are those changes in the location and how does the appearance of the area differ before and after erosion happened? Can you identify any problems that may result to the affected location by erosion? What are those possible problems may be? Lesson 2. The Process of Erosion Erosion. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which means "a gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth's crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by gravity, or by a moving transport agent- wind, water or ice. Transport refers to the processes by which the sediment is moved along - for example, pebbles rolled along a river-bed or sea shore, sand grains whipped up by the wind, salts carried in solution. The 8 process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the transported particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the surface. Most erosion is performed by liquid water, wind, or ice (usually in the form of a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking place. The brown color indicates that bits of rock and soil are suspended in the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one place to another. This transported material is called sediment. The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding. Lesson 2. The Process of Erosion Erosion. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which means "a gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth's crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by gravity, or by a moving transport agent- wind, water or ice. Transport refers to the processes by which the sediment is moved along - for example, pebbles rolled along a river-bed or sea shore, sand grains whipped up by the wind, salts carried in solution. The process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the transported particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the surface.Lesson 2. The Process of Erosion Erosion. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which means "a gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth's crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by gravity, or by a moving transport agent- wind, water or ice. Transport refers to the processes by which the sediment is moved along - for example, pebbles rolled along a river-bed or sea shore, sand grains whipped up by the wind, salts carried in solution. The process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the transported particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the surface. Most erosion is performed by liquid water, wind, or ice (usually in the form of a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking place. The brown color indicates that bits of rock and soil are suspended in the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one place to another. This transported material is called sediment. The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding. What I Have Learned 1. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which means "a gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth's crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by gravity, or by a moving transport agent- wind, water or ice. 2. Splash, wind, and running water (fluvial) erosion are three of many types of erosion. 3. Splash erosion is caused by the impact of falling raindrops. 4. Wind erosion refers to the damage of land as a result of wind removing soil from an area. 5. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain, runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation. 6. Rivers can create a significant amount of erosion over time. 7. Ocean waves can cause the coastline to erode. 8. Large floods can cause erosion to happen very quickly acting like powerful rivers. 9. Delta, the triangular-shaped deposits formed when the river empties into the ocean. 10. The process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the transported particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the surface What I Can Do Activity 3: How to Solve Erosion Problems Direction. Review your activity 2. Now, record a list of ideas that you hypothesized which could address and/or correct the erosion problem(s) that you observed at your school. 1" Idea: 2nd Idea: 3'd Idea: Conclusion Sentence: Combine, organize, and extend your ideas to write a detailed plan of your proposed solution on how to solve erosion problem(s) in your school.Additional Activities For further observation, you can record natural circumstance in your place or community the picture/s of different types of erosion and the changes it bring that affect the physical and geographical features of the certain place. Make a table of your observations. List your ideas in every particular observation on how to solve the certain effects. Share them to your family and friends and to your community for their awareness. 12