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Business law case study, The essence of double-entry bookkeeping could be illustrated as follows: The owner brings in cash of `1000 to the organization. What it owes to the owner is increased by `1000 and what it owns in cash is increased by `1000. Note that in this process we have established what is known as the 'entity' concept in accounting. The entity is different from the owner. The organization buys in cash material worth `500 and uses it in production. What it owns in cash is reduced by `500 and what it owns in terms of product value increases by `500. The organization employs labour and pays `500 in cash. What it owns in cash is further reduced by `500 and what the organization owns in terms of the value of the cost of production increases by `500. The value stands now at a figure of `1000 (material consumed `500 + labour `500). This underlines the money and cost concept of valuation in the balance sheet. The organization sells the product for cash of `1500. What it owns in value of product decreases by `1000 but what it owns in cash increases by `1500. At this stage what it owns (`1500) in cash is more than what it owes to the owner (`1000). This is profit which the organization owes as dividend to the owner. This again re-emphasizes the property rights and legal relationship between the owner and the entity.

45 We have read in your book that continuous oxygen therapy at home reduces mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). I am concerned that my patient might develop acute respiratory failure.

46 I have a patient with asthma who is on long-term inhaled corticosteroids. She is very concerned about long-term steroid therapy. Could I replace the steroids with a long-acting beta2 agonist?

47 What is the role of leukotriene-modifying agents in asthma? Question 48 Is it true that the Mantoux test is no longer used?

49 Is there a screening test that is useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer?

50 For how long should treatment be continued for cervical lymphadenopathy and abdominal tuberculosis? What role, if any, do steroids play in the treatment of these conditions?

51 What is the recommended treatment for pleural mesothelioma?

52 Why is there an increase in vocal fremitus and vocal resonance in consolidation? How are consolidation and pneumonia defined and are they the same thing?

53 Can hiccough be an early sign of coning due to increased intracranial tension?

54 What is the recommended maintenance dose of steroids in recurrent facial palsy due to sarcoidosis?

55 Why is serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) high in sarcoidosis? And is there a difference between pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis regarding the high serum ACE level in that disease?

56 In the British Thoracic Society's CURB-65 scale to assess the severity of pneumonia, U stands for Urea of greater than 7 mmol/L. What are the reasons for the raised urea that make it an important indicator of the disease's severity?