Net present value $($NPV$)$ is calculated how?

$1$

By adding the present value of all cash inflows and then subtracting the present value of all cash outflows.

By determining the present value of future cash outflows.

$(?)$

By adding the future value of all cash inflows and then subtracting the present value of all cash outflows.

None of the listed answers are correct.

b $4$

$5$

$22$ points

$16$

Operating budgets are primarily used to do which of the following?