NO AI and solve it properly

answer the folling questios in networking systems.

question a

Explain why delay vary in wired ip networks

question b

Large jitter causes disruption of voice in voice communications. Explain why

question c

Give an example application which requires synchronous communications but not isochronous

communications. Explain why you think so$.$

question d

RTP packet header has a PT field. What happens if there is no PT field

question e

Suppose RTP packets with timestamps $0,10,20,30,$ and $40$ for a media are received

at times $5,18,30,47,$ and $72,$ respectively. Assume buffering of three packets before

starting playback. Give the times the packets are played after intra$-$media synchronization

assuming the playback starts as soon as the required packets are buffered.

question f

In the congestion avoidance phase, TCP Reno decreases its congestion window size multiplicatively when congestion is encountered. Please explain why decreasing the congestion

window size multiplicatively is appropriate for flow control.

question g

TCP Reno cannot use available bandwidth efficiently in the connection with large bandwidth and long delay. Please explain why it cannot use the bandwidth efficiently when

each of the following is the case:

$($a$)$ the connection has large bandwidth, and

$($b$)$ the connection has long delay