no unlocking answer(a) the less (- ) and exponentiation (**) administrators, (b) the on the off chance that order and the on the off chance that elsecommand, and (c) the if else-order and the repeatwhile-order. [4 marks] Define, in a programming language documentation of your decision, a recursive drop parser that will develop the theoretical sentence structure tree for an info stream adjusting to the above grammar for orders. You might expect the presence of a capacity lex() that will yield a whole number addressing the following lexical token from the info stream, and the capacities mk2(op,x), mk3(op,x,y) and mk4(op,x,y,z) that will build theoretical sentence structure tree hubs with a given administrator and one, a few operands. You ought to expect that exponentiation is correct associativible and the order before repeatwhile ought to be the most limited conceivable. [12 marks] Briefly frame how you would adjust your parser if the order to one side of repeatwhile was changed to be the longest (as opposed to the most limited). [4 marks] 5 Data Structures and Algorithms You are given two arrangements of numbers Xi and Yj , where I and j run from 1 to N. Devise a calculation to track down the M biggest upsides of Xi Yj . This calculation ought not be quadratic in N, however being quadratic in M is allowed. You ought to see N as being of the request for 20,000 and M as being of the request for 1,000.

(c) Describe an effective calculation to track down the middle of a bunch of 106 whole numbers where it is realized that there are less than 100 particular numbers in the set. [6 marks] 6 Computer Design (a) Why does pipelining present information risks? [4 marks] (b) What system might be utilized to eliminate a few dards? [4 marks] (c) Why is it unrealistic to eliminate all information dangers? [4 marks] (d) What equipment is expected to forestall information risks from encroaching the developer's model of guidance execution? [4 marks] (e) What is the contrast between an information danger and a control risk? [4 marks] 5 [TURN OVER CST.2001.3.6 7 Operating System Functions (a) What are the central questions with planning for shared-memory multiprocessors? [3 marks] (b) Processor partiality, take booking and group planning are three strategies utilized inside multiprocessor working frameworks. (I) Briefly depict the activity of each. [6 marks] (ii) Which issue does the processor partiality method look to survive? [2 marks] (iii) What issue does the processor liking strategy experience the ill effects of, and how might this issue at any point be survived? [2 marks] (iv) In which conditions is a posse planning approach generally fitting? [2 marks] (c) What unexpected issues does the virtual memory the board framework need to address while managing shared-memory multiprocessor frameworks?

Five housemates run a "status" server on their home organization. The server stores the current status of every housemate as a line of text. For instance, housemate Eva could set her status to "Gone to the test corridor." Messages are passed among clients and the server as message strings sent over TCP. The new line character is utilized solely as the last person in each message. On association with the server, a client can possibly (I) question the situation with a client by sending the client's name to the server as a string (and the server answers with the current status message), or (ii) set the situation with a client by sending the client's name followed by a colon and the new status message. For instance, "Eva:Gone to the test corridor." sets the status message for Eva. (a) Implement a status server in Java. The server ought to run endlessly, answering to client demands. When a client demand has been satisfied, the server ought to close the association. You might accept current status messages are lost if the server is restarted and you don't have to deal with exemptions. [8 marks] (b) One housemate proposes the server and client ought to impart by serializing Java protests instead of sending messages as message. (I) Describe in words the progressions you would make to your server execution to send messages as serialized Java objects. [3 marks] (ii) List two benefits and two detriments of an execution in light of serialized Java objects as opposed to sending messages as message. [4 marks] (c) Another housemate proposes that the server shouldn't close the client's association in the wake of noting the solicitation. Rather the association ought to remain open until the client sends another solicitation or shuts the association. Depict in words what transforms you would have to make to your execution to some degree (a) to accomplish this and remark on the benefits and hindrances of this thought.

(a) Describe the primary illustrations gained from the report into the breakdown of the London Rescue vehicle Service. [12 marks] (b) To what degree have the improvements in programming devices and the board practices of the most recent twenty years advanced the circumstance, and which of the examples do we actually need to watch out for now?

N. Wirth's reading material Algorithms + information structures = programs (1976) contains the following story. I wedded a widow (call her W) who has an adult girl (D). My dad (F), who visited us regularly, became hopelessly enamored with my step-little girl and wedded her. Henceforth my dad turned into my child in-regulation what's more, my progression little girl turned into my mom. A few months after the fact, my significant other brought forth a child (S1), who turned into the brother by marriage of my dad, as well as my uncle. The spouse of my dad - that is, my progression little girl - likewise had a child (S2). Utilizing Prolog, make a rundown of realities that addresses what is happening in the above story. [5 marks] Add rules characterizing the family connections (like father by marriage) depicted in the story. [5 marks] Show how a Prolog framework would utilize your program to demonstrate the objective "I'm my own granddad". [10 marks] 8 Databases Make sense of the ANSI/SPARC engineering for Data Base Management Systems, and show how it upholds information freedom. [5 marks] Portray the social model of information presented by E.F. Codd in 1970. [4 marks] What are its assets and shortcomings? [7 marks] What variables have prompted its prevailing situation in the commercial center today?

(a) Write C capacity revbits() which takes a solitary 8-digit burn boundary and returns a roast outcome by turning around the request for the pieces in the scorch. [4 marks] (b) Write C capacity revbytes() taking two boundaries and returning no outcome. The primary boundary is a pointer to memory containing n coterminous bytes (each of type singe), and the second is the quantity of bytes. The capacity ought to have the result of turning around the request for the pieces in the n bordering bytes, seen as a bitstring of length 8n. For instance, the primary piece of the principal burn ought to be traded with last piece of the last roast. [6 marks] (c) You have been allocated the accompanying apparently working C code, which processes documents controlling the way of behaving of a framework. That's what you see, subsequent to acquiring a few ERR_MALFORMED mistakes, resulting calls to fopen bomb due to an excessive number of documents being open: int process_file(char *name) { Record *p = fopen(name, "r"); in the event that (p == NULL) return ERR_NOTFOUND; while (...) { ... if (...) return ERR_MALFORMED; process_one_option(); ... } fclose(p); bring SUCCESS back; }The class must have private data members to include the following information: a) the nationality of an Army, b) the number of units in an Army, and e) the power of an Army.

Declare one C++ constant, namely MAX_NAME_LEN and set it to 50.

Declare three private data members.

1. Declare an array to hold the nationality of an Army, not exceeding MAX_NAME_LEN characters.
2. Declare an integer variable for the number of units in an Army.
3. Declare a double variable for the power of an Army.

Store your class definition in a header file named Army.h and your member function definitions in an implementation file named Army.cpp.

Public Member functions

Declare and implement the following member functions.

setEmpty:

void setEmpty();

This member function initializes the Army object to a safe empty state. An Army is in an empty state when it has an empty nationality and no units.

createArmy:

void createArmy(const char* country, double pow, int troops);

It uses three input parameters to initialize an Army object. It receives the nationality of an Army, the number of units in an Army and the power of the Army. It validates the data values received and uses these data values to set the respective data members, only if all of them are valid.

All the data values are valid if a) the first parameter is not nullptr and the length of the name is greater than zero, b) the number of units is greater than zero c) the power is greater than zero.

Note: Only copy the first MAX_NAME_LEN characters from the input parameter to the cString data member that holds the nationality of an Army. (you could use strncpy() or your own utility function for this )

If the data values are invalid, the member function initializes the Army object to a safe empty state.

updateUnits:

void updateUnits(int troops); Update your Army by incrementing the units with the amount of provided troops also the power of the Army will be increased by a value equal to 25% of the newly provided troops.

checkNationality:

const char* checkNationality() const;

This query returns the nationality of an Army.

checkCapacity:

int checkCapacity() const;

This query returns the number of units in an Army.

checkPower:

double checkPower() const;

This query returns the power of an Army.

isEmpty:

bool isEmpty() const;

This query returns true if the Army object is in a safe empty state; false otherwise.

isStrongerThan:

bool isStrongerThan(const Army& army)const;

This function returns true if the Army has more power than the incoming Army, and returns false otherwise.

Global (stand-alone) functionsbattle:

void battle( Army& arm1, Army& arm2);

This function will force both armies to fight. If both armies are valid, the losing Army will lose 50% of their unit count PS: - you might want to use the isStrongerThan function to check which Army will win - you might want to use the updateUnits function to update the losing country. Passed value needs to be casted to an int

display:

void displayDetails(const Army* armies, int size);

This function sends the information about an Army array to standard output in the following format if the object holds valid data values.

Armies reporting to battle:

Each Army in the array will be printed in the following format.

Nationality: XXXXXXXXXXX, Units Count: XXXX, Power left:

Testing Program

main.cpp

#include

using namespace std;

#include "Army.h"

using namespace sdds;

int main() {

Army armies[6]{};

armies[0].createArmy("Atlantis", 500.5, 1000);

armies[1].createArmy("", 100.0, 100);

armies[2].createArmy("Ambrosia", 215.0, 520);

armies[3].createArmy("United States of Auradon", 220.5, 751);

armies[4].createArmy("Azmenistan", 250.0, 750);

armies[5].createArmy(nullptr, 250.5, 750);

//Test 1

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

cout << "1. Testing the validation logic." << endl;

cout << "(only 4 armies should be valid (0,2,3,4) )" << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)

{

cout << "armies[" << i << "]: "

<< (armies[i].isEmpty() ? "not valid" : "valid") << endl;

}

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

//Test 2

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

cout << "2. Testing the display function." << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

displayDetails(armies, 6);

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

// Test 3

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

cout << "3. Testing the member functions without the update." << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

Army backup;

backup.createArmy("Foreigners", 100, 100);

cout << backup.checkNationality()

<< ','

<< backup.checkCapacity()

<< ','

<< backup.checkPower() << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

// Test 4

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

cout << "4. Testing the member functions with the update." << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

backup.updateUnits(100);

cout << backup.checkNationality()

<< ','

<< backup.checkCapacity()

<< ','

<< backup.checkPower() << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

// Test 5

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

cout << "5. Testing the battle function." << endl;

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;

battle(armies[0],armies[2]);

battle(armies[3], armies[4]);

displayDetails(armies, 6);

cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

return 0;

}

Sample Output

----------------------------------------

1. Testing the validation logic.

(only 4 armies should be valid (0,2,3,4) )

----------------------------------------

armies[0]: valid

armies[1]: not valid

armies[2]: valid

armies[3]: valid

armies[4]: valid

armies[5]: not valid

----------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

2. Testing the display function.

----------------------------------------

Armies reporting to battle:

Nationality: Atlantis, Units Count: 1000, Power left: 500.5

Nationality: Ambrosia, Units Count: 520, Power left: 215.0

Nationality: United States of Auradon, Units Count: 751, Power left: 220.5

Nationality: Azmenistan, Units Count: 750, Power left: 250.0

----------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

3. Testing the member functions without the update.

----------------------------------------

Foreigners,100,100.0

----------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

4. Testing the member functions with the update.

----------------------------------------

Foreigners,200,125.0

----------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

5. Testing the battle function.

----------------------------------------

In battle of Atlantis and Ambrosia, Atlantis is victorious!

In battle of United States of Auradon and Azmenistan, Azmenistan is victorious!

Armies reporting to battle:

Nationality: Atlantis, Units Count: 1000, Power left: 500.5

Nationality: Ambrosia, Units Count: 260, Power left: 150.0

Nationality: United States of Auradon, Units Count: 376, Power left: 126.8

Nationality: Azmenistan, Units Count: 750, Power left: 250.0

----------------------------------------

(I) Explain how to fix the program involving offices in C. [2 marks] (ii) Now guess the capacity above was essential for a framework written in C++ (yet as yet utilizing the C record handling orders, for example, fopen and fclose), and that process_one_option() could raise at least one special cases. Utilizing a class with a destructor, tell the best way to fix the "such a large number of documents open" bug above.