Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $26. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $16.00 per ball, of which 62% is direct labor cost.

Last year, the company sold 30,000 of these balls, with the following results:

Sales (30,000 balls)	$	780,000
Variable expenses		480,000
Contribution margin		300,000
Fixed expenses		210,000
Net operating income	$	90,000

1. COMPLETE/CORRECT Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last years sales level. (Round "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit and other answers to 2 decimal places.)

CM Ratio	38.46	%
Unit sales to break even	21,000	balls
Degree of operating leverage	3.33

2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $26.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls? (Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

CM Ratio	26.92	%
Unit sales to break even		balls

3. Refer to the data in Required (2). If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year? (Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

Number of balls

........................

4. Refer again to the data in Required (2). The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Selling price

................

5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 38.46%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the companys new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls? (Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

CM Ratio	....................	%
Unit sales to break even		balls

6. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year? (Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

Number of balls

.............

7. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 30,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and Compute the degree of operating leverage. (Round "Degree of operating leverage" to 2 decimal places.)

Northwood Company
Contribution Income Statement
Sales
Variable expenses
Contribution margin	0
Fixed expenses
Net operating income	$0
Degree of operating leverage