notes that we have seen that e-mail is not universally loved although it is here to stay, despite the advent of real-time chat apps, texting, and other workplace short-form messaging. "Email is the last great unowned technology," said the Harvard law professor Jonathan Zittrain, "and by unowned, I mean there is no CEO of email . . . it's just a shared hallucination that works." Others believe that e-mail, though much maligned, "is still a cornerstone of the open web." Interpret these statements. What points are they making, about openness in particular?

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