(NPV with varying required rates of return) Gubanich Sportswear is considering building a new factory to produce aluminum baseball bats. This project would require an initial cash outlay of $5,000,000 and would generate annual free cash inflows of $1,000,000 per year for 8 years. Calculate the project's NPV given:

a. A required rate of return of 9 percent

b. A required rate of return of 11 percent

c. A required rate of return of 13 percent

d. A required rate of return of 15 percent