Objective stressor Fire breaks out Perception Appraisal Employee sees fire Occupational Stress Short-term strain Long-term strain Employee appraises fire as threatening Employee experiences fear and nausea and jumps out window Employee develops posttraumatic stress disorder A job stressor is a condition or situation at work that requires an adaptive response on the part of the employee. Examples of job stressors include being reprimanded, having too little time for meet a deadline, etc. A job strain is an aversive reaction by an employee to a stressor. Strains are categorized into three types (see Table 11.4 on page 284 for more examples): Psychological reactions: emotional responses such as anxiety or frustration. Physical reactions: symptoms such as headaches or stomach upset, illnesses such as cancer. Behavioral reactions: responses such as substance use, smoking, or accidents.