oci In a cryopreservation process, seeds are stored in a container full of liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 77 K. The following thermal properties may be useful in answering this question. Substance Specific heat capacity Thermal conductivity (J / (kg K)) (J / (s m K) ) Seed (dry) 1 486.8 0.119 Water 4 184.4 0.598 (a) Before being immersed in liquid nitrogen, the seeds were in a lab where the air temperature was 22 C. How much heat transfer must occur for a seed of mass 0.155 g to be cooled to the liquid nitrogen temperature? (Assume that the moisture content of the seed is sufficiently low that it can be ignored.) (2 marks) (b) The liquid nitrogen is stored in a double-walled container that has vacuum between the walls. Explain how this structure minimises heat transfer between the container contents and the lab air. (1 mark) (c) Some heat will slowly be transferred between the liquid nitrogen and the lab air. Which direction will this transfer be? Justify your answer. (1 mark) (d) The moisture content of seeds can vary significantly with natural changes or processing by humans. Researchers have found that seeds with higher moisture content have greater thermal conductivity. Suggest a reason for this. (1 mark)