of financial reports 11-David (1998) implemented a research to investigate the relationship between earnings manipulation and borrowing orientation; such research is: A-Explanatory theory research B-True income theory research C-Positive theory research D-Decision makers theory research E-Both A & Care correct answers 12-Stephens (1980) examined the usage of financial statements in bank lending decisions with the intention to increase the scope of decision process research.Such research is primarily classified as A-Positive accounting theory B-Decision usefulness theory C-Negative accounting theory D-None of the above is correct answer 13-Flora Guidry, Andrew J. Leone, andSteve Rock (1999) tests the bonus-maximization hypothesis that managers make discretionary accrual decisions to maximize their short- term bonuses, such theorizing should be classified as: A-Bonus plan theory B-Debt theory C-Political cost theory D-True income theory 14-Lan Sun (2012)sheds lightin explaining contractual incentives and provides useful information in understanding theexecutive compensation contract-driven earnings management behavior, such theorizing should be classified as: A-Bonus plan theory B-positive accounting theory C-Political cost theory DA & B