Of the following statements about preferred stock, which one is correct?

a$)$ There is no significant difference in the voting rights granted to preferred and common shareholders.

b$)$ Unlike dividends paid on common stock, dividends paid on preferred stock are a tax$-$deductible expense.

c$)$ If preferred dividends are non$-$cumulative, then preferred dividends not paid in a particular year will be carried forward to the next year.

d$)$ Preferred stock usually has a stated liquidating value of $$100$ per share.

e$)$ Dividends on preferred stock payable during the next twelve months are considered to be a corporate liability.