Officer Mitchell met with a confidential informant on June 16. She then prepared the

following affidavit and, on June 19, presented it to a magistrate:

"I have been a member of the Police Department and a member of the County Drug

Task Force for six years. I have participated in numerous narcotics investigations, including

undercover purchases, controlled purchases using confidential informants, executions of search

warrants, and electronic surveillance. I have interviewed numerous narcotics dealers and

purchasers, informants, and other concerned citizens with general drug information, focusing

on the values and appearance of controlled substances, methods of sale, packaging, hiding,

secreting, and transporting controlled substances, as well as identifying persons involved in

controlled substance distribution.

"On June 16, I met with a reliable confidential informant who stated that he had been

inside 1110 Grove Road, York County within the past 72 hours. The informant said he observed

marijuana packaged for sale, multiple marijuana plants growing, and growing accessories such

as growing tools, soil, a humidifier, and a grow tent. This informant advised that Manny T., a

White male, lives in the residence. The informant should be considered reliable because he has

provided police with information that has led to a felony drug arrest that is currently pending in

the York County Court system. This informant is familiar with what marijuana looks like and

how it is packaged in York County. I ran a check through the Department of Transportation and

discovered that Manny T. lists the address 1110 Grove Road as his residence. On June 16, I

viewed a red Mitsubishi which is registered to Manny T. parked in the driveway of 1110 Grove

Road.

"Based on the totality of the above circumstances, I know through training and

experience that narcotics dealers will commonly use a location such as a dwelling to store or

'stash' larger quantities of narcotics, packaging, material, and proceeds in order to protect their

products and proceeds and to evade law enforcement. I also know that narcotics dealers will

commonly keep a portion of their product and weapons on their person. Therefore, I request

to search all persons present for officer safety reasons and to guard against the destruction of

evidence. I believe that the premises known as 1110 Grove Road is being utilized to grow,

store, package, and prepare marijuana for the purpose of sales. Therefore, I ask for the

issuance of a search and seizure warrant for those premises and for all persons present."

The magistrate issued the requested search warrant. On June 20, the County Drug Task

Force executed the warrant, searching the residence and Manny T.'s person. Officers found

marijuana plants growing in the bedroom, as well as drug paraphernalia, cash, and a digital

scale. Manny T. was arrested and charged with possession of marijuana with intent to

distribute. He has challenged the search.

Was there a search? Was there a valid warrant? Was the warrant supported by probable cause?