On 20 October 2023, Jude walked past a child JayJay whom he did not know previously, and because he was in a hurry to catch the train to work, Jude could not stop to rescue Jayjay who later suffered injuries because he ran into a fast-moving traffic and was run over by a vehicle. It was indeed a bad day for Jude because when he returned from work, he discovered that his keys were not in his pocket. Jude found the doors to Janet's apartment opened. As a result of his tiredness, Jude went into Janet's apartment admiring a birthday cake and some candles around the cake that Janet had prepared for a friend's birthday party the following day. Jude lit one of the candles and made himself comfortable with some music while he laid down on a couch. Jude soon fell asleep as he was tired but was woken up by his coughing. He found that Janet's apartment was filled with smoke from a fire that had begun when he knocked the candle over in his sleep. Janet's apartment was razed down by the fire, but Jude was able to escape downstairs and found a sofa at the reception to continue his sleep. Uknown to Jude, Janet's niece Juliana was in the bedroom in Janet's apartment, Juliana suffered injury from the fire, was rushed to the hospital by neighbours and was on the mend when she suddenly died of asthma attack on 30 October 2023. 1. Discuss Jude's criminal liability and critically analyse the circumstances under which failure to act can constitute criminal liability.

Explain with authentic caselaws and statues with proper oscola references.