On January 1, 2016, Aspen Company acquired 80 percent of Birch Company's voting stock for $392,000. Birch reported a $355,000 book value and the fair value of the noncontrolling interest was $98,000 on that date. Then, on January 1, 2017, Birch acquired 80 percent of Cedar Company for $228,000 when Cedar had a $204,000 book value and the 20 percent noncontrolling interest was valued at $57,000. In each acquisition, the subsidiary's excess acquisition-date fair over book value was assigned to a trade name with a 30-year remaining life.

These companies report the following financial information. Investment income figures are not included.

	2016		2017		2018
Sales:
Aspen Company	$	500,000	$	750,000	$	825,000
Birch Company		251,500		343,250		627,900
Cedar Company	Not available			164,900		246,800
Expenses:
Aspen Company	$	465,000	$	567,500	$	632,500
Birch Company		199,000		282,000		555,000
Cedar Company	Not available			152,000		205,000
Dividends declared:
Aspen Company	$	10,000	$	30,000	$	40,000
Birch Company		15,000		20,000		20,000
Cedar Company	Not available			4,000		12,000

Assume that each of the following questions is independent:

1. If all companies use the equity method for internal reporting purposes, what is the December 31, 2017, balance in Aspen's Investment in Birch Company account?

2. What is the consolidated net income for this business combination for 2018?

3. What is the net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest in 2018?

4. Assume that Birch made intra-entity inventory transfers to Aspen that have resulted in the following intra-entity gross profits in inventory at the end of each year:

Date	Amount
12/31/16	$11,500
12/31/17	21,700
12/31/18	28,800

What is the accrual-based net income of Birch in 2017 and 2018, respectively?