On January 1, 2021, Instaform, Inc., issued 10% bonds with a face amount of $51 million, dated January 1. The bonds mature in 2040 (20 years). The market yield for bonds of similar risk and maturity is 12%. Interest is paid semiannually.

Required: 1-a. Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2021.

1-b. Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance by Instaform.

2-a. Assume the market rate was 9%. Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2021.

2-b. Assume the market rate was 9%. Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance by Instaform.

3. Assume Broadcourt Electronics purchased the entire issue in a private placement of the bonds. Using the data in requirement 2, prepare the journal entry to record the purchase by Broadcourt.