On June 1, 2019, ABC Company sold $3,000,000 in long-term bonds for $2,631,300. The bonds will mature in 10 years and have a stated interest rate of 8% and a yield rate of 10%. The bonds pay interest annually on May 31 of each year. The bonds are to be accounted for under the effective-interest method.

1. What effect does amortization of bond discount and bond premium have on reported income for the accounting period?