One of the most violent actions of the post/bellum period was the Massacre at Colfax. The legal implications adjoined with the subsequent court cases forced the emergence of a web oflegal complexity. Of particular note was the issues surrounding African American citizenship via protection under law contra the rise of white supremacy.

How were Cruikshank and his White Leaguers involved in the Massacre at Colfax?

What legal action was taken against Cruikshank et. al. for their actions. Identify and define the law that was employed and its purpose.

How did the Supreme Court respond to Cruikshank's appeal? What was the legal justification for the Supreme Court decision?

Explain if or if not that legal formalism and the 15^thamendment are relevant in the Supreme Court's decision. Provide specificand detailed legal analysis for your conclusion.