One of the vineyards in the Village of Skaneateles recently installed a PFR-type treatment system to remove fertilizers from stormwater runoff. Following the original design concept, the fraction of fertilizers (C/C) remaining in the PFR effluent was expected to be 0.02; however, the measured C/C value was 0.06 under typical treatment conditions. To achieve the treatment objective (i.e., C/C=0.02), the vineyard has decided to install an additional CMFR-type treatment system immediately downstream of the PFR (refer to the system schematic below). Note that the hydraulic residence time of PFR is 30 min. Given the above: (1) Determine the hydraulic residence time of the CMFR required for the integrated PFR-CMFR system to meet the treatment objective of C/C =0.02, assuming that the first-order reaction rate constant of fertilizers in the CMFR is identical to that in the PFR, and that both treatment units can be approximated as ideal reactors operating under steady-state conditions. (2) If the integrated PFR-CMFR system is designed to treat stormwater runoff at a steady flow rate of 0.1 m/s, what would be the required reactor volumes for the PFR and CMFR, respectively? Influent Co PFR C CMFR C