One.

This question has several parts

Discuss how we measure real GDP in the United States.

Describe 3 issues with relying on GDP as a measure of the quality of life.

This question has several parts

Discuss how we measure unemployment in the U.S.

Discuss how we measure the labor force participation rate in the U.S.

Define the different components to the unemployment rate (cyclical, structural, and frictional).

Using specific terms, discuss how the measured unemployment rate might under-report the actual unemployment rate.

This question has several parts.

Discuss how we measure inflation in the U.S.

Identify some of the potential problems with this measure as well as the solution that the Bureau of Labor Statistics has come up with.

This question has several parts.

Draw an AD/AS graph to demonstrate an economy that has come to rest in an inflationary gap. Label this equilibrium point 0.

Describe how the Federal Reserve Bank could use open market operations (buy or sell treasury bonds) to cool the economy and describe the effect this has on bank T accounts.

Show the effect of this policy on the AD/AS graph and explain what shifts, and why.

This question has several parts.

Use the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Bureau of Economics Analysis, or the St. Louis FRED database to look up and cite (url) current statistics for the following.

Unemployment rate

Rate of inflation

Government deficit

Debt to GDP ratio

Federal funds rate

Real GDP

Trade balance

Given the information, identity one policy (fiscal or monetary) you recommend to improve the current situation. Be sure to think about how ALL the variables will be impacted by your policy decision as you think through possible recommendations.

Defend your position by explaining why you've made this recommendation and describe any assumptions you're making.

Use at least one economic model from this quarter to defend your recommendation.

Explain how this recommendation affects each of the variables listed.

Discuss one other policy you considered and explain the thought process you went through to eliminate this other policy.

Two.

1.

John just bought shares of stock in IBM for $10,000 and paid a $90 commission to his broker. How did this affect GDP?

A) It had no impact on GDP.

B) GDP increased by $90.

C) GDP increased by $10,000.

D) GDP increased by $9,990.

E) GDP increased by $10,090.

2.

Opportunity cost is the ____ alternative forfeited when a choice is made.

A) least-valued

B) most highly-valued

C) most convenient

D) most recently considered

3.

If there is an increase in the amount of good B foregone as every additional unit of good A is produced, the PPF between A and B would

A) be a straight line.

B) be a bowed-outward curve.

C) be a bowed-inward curve.

D) not exist.

4.

Persons who are retired or engaged in own-home housework are considered to be in which of the following categories?

A) in the civilian labor force

B) not in the labor force

C) employed

D) unemployed

5.

A recessionary gap exists if (actual) Real GDP is ____ Natural Real GDP.

A) less than

B) greater than

C) equal to

D) b and c

E) none of the above

6.

Decision making "at the margin" means making a choice based on ____ of a decision.

A) the total benefits

B) the total costs

C) comparing the total benefits and costs

D) comparing the additional benefits and costs

7.

When Claudia trades $100 for good X, economists assume that she is

A) trading something of less value to her for something of more value to her.

B) trading something of more value to her for something of less value to her.

C) trading something that gives her less utility for something that gives her more utility.

D) a and c

E) none of the above

8.

An increase in investment at a given price level

A) shifts the AD curve to the right.

B) shifts the AD curve to the left.

C) causes an upward movement along the existing AD curve.

D) causes a downward movement along the existing AD curve.

E) none of the above

9.

If the demand for a good falls by less than the supply of the good rises, then equilibrium price will ____ and equilibrium quantity will ____.

A) rise; fall

B) rise; rise

C) fall; fall

D) fall; rise

10.

The CPI was 140 in one year and 144 the following year. Approximately how much did prices rise between the two years?

A) 2.86 percent

B) 2.78 percent

C) 0.03 percent

D) 1.03 percent

E) none of the above

11.

The expenditure approach to measuring GDP sums

A) consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports.

B) sales, revenues, income, and wages.

C) profits, compensation of employees, consumption, and investment.

D) net exports, consumption, wages, and salaries.

12.

Which of the following would not be included in the calculation of this year's GDP?

A) a headlight bulb purchased at Joe's Auto Supply by Susan to replace a burnt out bulb in her car

B) a headlight bulb purchased by Ford Motor Co. from a supplier

C) a headlight bulb produced but not sold this year and thus ending up as inventory

D) none of the above, i.e., all would be included

13.

Suppose the government decides that every family should own its own home. To bring this about, the government decides to subsidize the home-construction industry by giving the home-construction companies $10,000 for every house that they build. As a result of this,

A) the supply curve of new houses would shift leftward, since it now costs $10,000 more for builders to produce a house.

B) the demand curve for new houses would shift rightward, since now every family would want to buy a house.

C) the demand curve for new houses would shift leftward.

D) the supply curve of new houses would shift rightward, since builders would be willing to produce and sell more houses at each given price.

E) c and d

14.

Which set of changes will raise demand?

A) an increase in income (assuming demand is for a normal good), a decline in wage rates, and a rise in the per-unit tax placed on the production of a good

B) an increase in the number of buyers, a decline in the price of a substitute, and an increase in the prices of relevant resources

C) an increase in the price of a substitute, a decrease in the price of a complement, and an increase in expected (future) price

D) a decline in the number of buyers, an increase in the price of a complement, and a decline in a per-unit tax placed on the production of a good

E) none of the above

15.

Both country 1 and country 2 are located on their respective production possibilities frontiers (PPFs), but country 1 produces twice the output that country 2 produces. It follows that

A) country 1's PPF lies further to the right than country 2's PPF.

B) country 1 has a smaller population than country 2.

C) country 1 has a bigger population than country 2.

D) country 1 is efficient and country 2 is inefficient.

E) none of the above

16.

Suppose aggregate demand is too low to bring about the Natural Real GDP level. A Keynesian policy prescription would call for a(n) ____ to close this recessionary gap.

A) increase in government spending

B) decrease in government spending

C) increase in taxes

D) decrease in taxes

E) a or d

17.

The structural unemployment rate is 3.1 percent, the frictional unemployment rate is 2.1 percent, and the current unemployment rate is 4.9 percent. The economy is in

A) a recessionary gap producing less than Natural Real GDP.

B) an inflationary gap producing more than Natural Real GDP.

C) long-run equilibrium.

D) an inflationary gap producing Natural Real GDP.

E) a recessionary gap producing more than Natural Real GDP.

18.

A fall in the price level changes the purchasing power of money. This is relevant to the ____ effect.

A) international trade

B) real balance

C) aggregate demand

D) interest rate

E) aggregate supply

19.

An economic policy initiative results in the AD curve shifting to the right. As a result,

A) the price level will rise.

B) the price level will stay constant.

C) the price level will fall.

D) Real GDP will rise in the short run.

E) a and d

20.

Which of the following is consistent with the classical position on wages and prices?

A) Wages and prices are sticky in the downward direction.

B) Wages are sticky in the downward direction, but prices are flexible.

C) Wages and prices are flexible.

D) Prices are sticky in the downward direction, but wages are flexible.

21.

If the bottom half of all U.S. income tax payers were allowed to stop paying the income tax entirely and the top 50% continued to pay as they do now, tax revenues to the government would drop by about

A) 3.6 percent.

B) 10.2 percent.

C) 13.9 percent.

D) 33.3 percent.

22.

Which of the following is most nearly consistent with Say's law?

A) When a person produces one good, he or she plans to demand other goods.

B) When a person produces a good, he or she plans to sell it.

C) When a person buys a good, he or she plans to pay for it with money.

D) When a person goes to work, he or she plans to produce.

23.

The economy was at point A producing 100X and 200Y. It moved to point B where it produces 200X and 300Y. It follows that

A) point A may have been a point below the economy's PPF, while point B may lie on the PPF.

B) the economy's PPF could have shifted outward and point A was a point on the economy's old PPF.

C) the economy has moved from one point on its PPF to another point on the same PPF.

D) a or b

E) a or c

24.

The condition in an economy that makes a "rationing device" a necessity is the fact that

A) the economy is organized around free markets.

B) the economy is centrally planned by the government.

C) scarcity exists.

D) there are fewer types of goods than there are people in the economy.

25.

Expansionary fiscal policy actions include ____ government spending and/or ____ taxes, while contractionary fiscal policy actions include ____ government spending and/or ____ taxes.

A) increasing; increasing; decreasing; decreasing

B) decreasing; decreasing; increasing; increasing

C) increasing; decreasing; increasing; decreasing

D) decreasing; increasing; increasing; decreasing

E) increasing; decreasing; decreasing; increasing

26.

A price ceiling is a government-mandated

A) minimum price below which legal trades cannot be made.

B) maximum price above which legal trades cannot be made.

C) minimum price above which legal trades cannot be made.

D) maximum price below which legal trades cannot be made.

27.

In year 1 the CPI is 144.1, and in year 2 the CPI is 151. If Sarah's salary was $33,500 in year 1, what salary in year 2 would cause her to exactly "keep up with inflation"?

A) $50,585

B) $48,274

C) $40,508

D) $35,104

28.

One measure of the inflation rate is the

A) sum of the CPIs of adjacent years.

B) percentage change in the CPI of adjacent years.

C) percentage change in the Real GDP of adjacent years.

D) GDP minus the Real GDP in a year.

29.

Expansionary fiscal policy is ineffective if

A) there are idle resources in the economy.

B) the MPC is less than 0.60.

C) the government has a budget surplus.

D) there is complete crowding out.

E) a and d

30.

Suppose the economy goes from a point on its unchanging PPF to a point down and to the left of it. This could be due to

A) a gain of resources.

B) a loss of resources.

C) technological improvement in the production of both goods.

D) a new law that interferes with economic efficiency.

31.

A decrease in the price of electricity will cause

A) a movement down the SRAS curve.

B) a movement up the SRAS curve.

C) a leftward shift in the SRAS curve.

D) a rightward shift in the SRAS curve.

E) no change regarding the SRAS curve

32.

Which of the following is an example of crowding out?

A) A decrease in the rate of growth of the stock of money decreases GDP.

B) A deficit causes an increase in interest rates, which causes a decrease in investment spending.

C) An increase in tariffs causes a decrease in imports.

D) A decrease in government housing subsidies causes an increase in private spending on housing.

33.

A rightward shift in the demand curve for tennis balls could be caused by

A) a fall in the price of tennis balls.

B) a fall in the price of tennis rackets.

C) a rise in the price of tennis lessons.

D) a fall in income, assuming tennis balls are a normal good.

34.

Here is a consumption function: C = C0 + MPC(Yd). If MPC is 0.80, then we know that

A) as Yd rises by $1, Co rises by $0.80.

B) as Yd rises by $1, C rises by $0.80.

C) Yd rises by $0.80.

D) as C0 rises by $0.80, Yd rises by $1.

35.

Suppose a drop in stock prices makes people feel less wealthy. This would cause ____ the economy's AD curve.

A) movement down along

B) movement up along

C) a rightward shift of

D) a leftward shift of

36.

An economy is producing its Natural Real GDP when the rate of unemployment is equal to the ____ unemployment rate.

A) frictional

B) structural

C) sum of the frictional unemployment rate and the structural

D) seasonal

E) cyclical

37.

Who would be most likely to agree that "People do not always save more as interest rates rise"?

A) a classical economist

B) John Maynard Keynes

C) an efficiency wage theorist

D) a and b

E) a, b, and c

38.

The U.S. income tax is currently a ____ tax.

A) progressive

B) proportional

C) regressive

D) proactive

39.

The question of U.S. budget deficits and their impact on the U.S. economy is dealt with in the study of

A) microeconomics.

B) managerial economics.

C) macroeconomics.

D) consumer economics.

40.

John Maynard Keynes believed that wages may be inflexible in the downward direction. Consequently, an economy

A) could get stuck in long-run equilibrium.

B) could get stuck in a recessionary gap.

C) could get stuck in an inflationary gap.

D) would always produce more than Natural Real GDP.

E) b and c