Only Activity 1-4 need to be answered.

ICE 5 hing strategy has no significant change in the statistics pre-test and post-test results. 6. Sleeping at least 6 hours will make you do better on tests than if you get less sleep. 7. Planets travel in ellipses with one focus being the Sun. 8. The number of pets in a household is unrelated to the number of people living in it. 9. Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the 16th President of the Philippines. _10. All daisies have the same number of petals. a literary a. form that is perceived by the eye Learning concepts 1.2 What is at Write a 150-word essay. A statistical hypothesis is a claim or a conjecture that may either be true or false. The claim is usually expressed in terms of the value of a parameter or the distribution of the population values. There are two kinds of statistical hypothesis: the null and the alternative hypothesis. The definition is written inside the box below to remind you that these are very important concepts and should be remembered as you go on with the module. A null hypothesis denoted by the symbol H. (read as "H sub 07 is a claim that denotes "absence" such as absence of difference, absence of relationship, or equality to a certain value. It usually comes with * =", 's", or *2" when written In symbol (Banigon, et al. , 2016). An altenative hypothesis denoted by the symbol H. (read as "H sub A7 is a claim that denotes "presence" such as presence of difference, presence of relationship, or inequality to a certain value. It usually comes with . # *, " " when written in symbol (Banigon, et al. , 2016). In formulating the hypotheses (plural form of hypothesis), we can use the following guidelines. 1. First, identify the claim. Does it denote "absence" or it states equality to a certain value?Lesson BASIC CONCEPTS IN ..YPOTHESIS TESTING In this lesson you will learn how to write appropriate null and alternative hypotheses on some real life situations. At the end of the lesson you, as a learner, should be able to show mastery on the following learning competencies: Illustrate a statistical hypothesis . Differentiate a null hypothesis from alternative hypothesis Differentiate Type | from Type II error Illustrate consequences of committing errors As you go on, please be guided by this Lesson Outline a. Definition of stetistical hypothesis b. The difference of null hypothesis from alternative hypothesis c. Consequences of making a decision d. Two possible errors that could be committed in a test of hypothesis Are you ready? Let's start by answering the activity below. What can I do Activity 1: Directions: State your reactions on the government pronouncement about El Nino phenomenon. On a piece of paper, write at least 3 statements. "The country will experience El Nino phenomenon in the next few months." Congratulations for writing at least 3 reactions on the goverment pronoucement abovelParame Symbol for parameter. Ho and Ha complementary pair: Hypotheses in words: Ha; Hypotheses in symbols: Ho: Ha: 4. In a certain town, a school principal hypothesized that students enroll in schools within 5 km from their homes. To check this claim you ask 38 students from the said town. You found out that the average distance between the students' home and their schools is 5.6 km. Claim: Parameter : Symbol for parameter Ho and Ha complementary pairs Hypotheses in words: Hai Hai Hypotheses in symbols: Ho: Ha: 5. A teacher wants to test his assumption that less than 30% of the Senior High School students liked research class. After randomly collecting 150 samples, he found out inal only 40 students like their research class. Claim: Parameter : Symbol for parameter. Ho and Ha complementary pair: Hypotheses in words: Hot Ha: Hypotheses in symbols: Hai Hai Congratulations! I'm sure you've got a perfect score. 12pre-tostar 6. Slaepi cepts 1.1 get What you have written is your guess, opinion, claim, conclusion or conjecture about El Nino phenomenon. Those statement are examples of hypothesis. Hypothesis is considered an educated guess which provides proposed outcomes based on experience and theoretical knowledge which is likely to be correct. According to Cambridge Dictionary, it is an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proven. Let us now have some examples of hypothesis: 1. Drinking milk before going to bed will make you sleep better. 2. Sanitizer Y is better than Sanitizer X in terms of germ-killing effects. 3. The average weight of senior high school students in Magalang NHS is 48 kilograms. ociety that we arge 4. Private employees have higher savings than government employees after What is the significance retirement. 5. There is no significant relationship between the intellectual quotient and emotional quotient of STEM students. Each of the following statements is not considered as hypothesis, but rather fact. 1. Write a 150-wor A fact is an observition about the world around us. 1. Asia is the fergast continent in the world in terms of area. 2. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius. 3. The sum of the angles of a triangle is always 180 degrees. 4. Davao is nearar to Cebu than to Manila in terms of nautical miles. What can I do Activity 2 A. Tell whether the following statement as a hypothesis or a fact. On the space provided before each item, write H if the statement is a hypothesis and F if it is a fact 1. Drug A is less efficient than Drug B as treatment of a certain disease. 2. An hour is equal to sixty minutes. 3. The mean percentage score of a group of HUMSS students in a general mathematics midterm exam is above 80. 4. Blood is thicker in consistency than water.Parame Symbol for pa Ho and Ha What can I do Activity 3: Road each situation carefully and fill in the space provided with appropriate information. Happy hypothesizing. 1. A student researcher claims that fewer than 8% of the Junior High School completers will enroll in private Senior High Schools. To test this claim, he collected sufficient samples randomly and found out that 85 out of 380 Junior High School completers are planning to enrol in private Senior High Schools. the significance of Claim: Parameter : Symbol for parameter: Ho and Ha complementary pair: Hypotheses in words: Ho: Ha: Hypotheses in symbols: Ho: Hai 2. A telecommunications company claims that senior high school students spend an average of 20 Php a day for their cellphone loads. Do you agree with the claim? Claim: Parameter : Symbol for parameter: Ho and Ha complementary pair: Hypotheses In words: Ho: Ha: Hypotheses in symbols: Ho: Ha: 3. The Senior High School researchers claim that more than 20% of Senior High School male students have tried smoking cigarette. After collecting 150 random Claim: samples, they found that 60 of them have tried smoking cigarette. 11committed when the teenager did follow the diet and a possible consequence is that she spent unnecessarily for a diet that did not help her reduce weight. Type II error is committed when the teenager did not follow the diet. A possible consequence of this error is that the teenager lost the opportunity to attain her goal of weight reduction. Now let's try what you have learned. What can I do Activity 4. Directions: In each situation below state when the error will be committed and give it of DI its possible consequences. 1. After studying open senior high school, Mary is thinking whether or not to pursue a degree in in college. She was told that if she graduates with a degree to Vinta is the with a degree in college, a life of fulfillment and happiness awaits her. Assist Mary in making her decision. 2. An airline company does regular quality control checks on airplanes, One of them is tire inspection because tires are sensitive to the heat produced when the airplane runs through the runway. Since its operation, the company uses a particular type of tire which is guaranteed to perform even at a maximum surface temperature of 107C. However, the tires cannot be used and need to be replaced when surface temperature exceeds a mean of 107 C. Help the company decide whether or not to do a complete tire replacement. 3. Alden is exclusively dating Maine. He remembers that on their first date, Maine told him that her birthday was this month. However, he forgot the exact date. Ashamed to admit that he did not remember, he decides to use the hypothesis testing to make an educated guess that today is Maine's birthday. Help Alden do it. 15Concepts 1.2 There are two possible actions that a person can do with a statement. Either he accepts the statement or rejects it. The decision of accepting or rejecting a statement depends on the person's lessment whether it is true of false. Consider a statement or a claim about the average number of text messages that an Open Senior High School student sends in a day. The following could be one way of stating the claim: "The average number of text messages that an Open Senior High School student sends dairy is equal to 75." As stated earlier, this claim could either be true or false so it can be accepted or rejected. The validity of the statement can be assessed through a series of steps known as test of hypothesis. A test of hypothesis is a procedure based on a random sample of observations with a given level of probability of committing an error in making the decision, whether the hypothesis is true or false. The decision of accepting or rejecting a statement or claim is coupled with consequences. Consider again the goverment pronouncement on El Nino phenomenon. The possible consequences of accepting the statement as true include: import more rice in anticipation of supply shortage: . buy materials for water storage; use a rice variety that could resist drought; invest In programs to make Filipinos ready; and the like. On the other hand, when the statement is rejected because we think it is false, possible consequences are: people are not ready for rice and water shortage; farmers will experience losses on production, or we do not do anything. Some of the consequences are acceptable while other consequences are terrible. Experiencing a few days of water shortage is acceptable but having rice shortage for a month or two is terrible. The degree of the possible consequences is the basis in making decisions. If the consequences of accepting the claim are acceptable then, we may not reject it. However, if the consequences are terrible, then we reject the claim. the table below. The action to reject or fail to reject the (accept) a hypothesis is summarized on 13Action Hypothesis is TRUE Hypothesis is FALSE Reject the null hypothesis Error committed (Type I) No error committed Fail to reject (accept) the null hypothesis No Error Committed Error committed (Type II) The four possible outcomes in decision-making based on the table are: Outcome 1: If the null hypothesis is true and is not rejected (accepted), the decision is correct. No error is committed. Outcome 2:If the null hypothesis is true and rejected, the decision is incorrect. A Type | error is committed. Outcome 3: If the null hypothesis is false and rejected, the decision is correct. No error is committed. Outcome 4: If the null hypothesis is false and accepted, the decision is incorrect and a Type II error is committed. As mentioned earlier, every action that one takes is coupled with consequences. When an error is committed in decision making, consequences happens too. These consequences might be acceptable or too terrible, terrible enough to claim lives. In statistics, the chance of committing an error is measured and this measurement served as the basis in making a decision. Now, let us examine some examples of errors in decision making. 1. A manufacturer of IT gadgets recently announced they had developed a new battery for a tablet and claimed that it has an average life of at least 24 hours. Would you buy this battery? Explanation A type i error is committed if you decide not to buy the battery and a possible consequence is you lost the opportunity to have a battery that could last for at least 24 hours. Type II error is committed when you buy the battery and found out that the battery's life was less than 24 hours. A possible consequence is that you wasted your money in buying the battery. 2. A teenager who wanted to lose weight is contemplating on a diet she read about in social media. She wants to adopt it but, unfortunately, the following diet requires buying nutritious, low calories yet expensive food. Help her decide. Explanation 14