Opal fell on the ice and injured her hip this winter. As a result she paid $3,170 for a visit to the hospital emergency room and $920 for follow-up visits with her doctor. While she recuperated, Opal paid $670 for prescription medicine and $770 to a therapist for rehabilitation. Insurance reimbursed Opal $1,370 for these expenses. What is the amount of Opal's qualifying medical expense?

a. $3,170.

b. $4,090.

c. $4,160.

d. $5,530.

e. All of these.