Operations manager at the Long Beach Port is struggling to reduce the process time from unloading containers from ship docked at berth to dispatching trucks loaded with outbound containers to warehouse. She recognizes the only way to reduce the flow time is to shorten the length of every critical path. She now opts to use levers to reduce activity times on the critical path. Which one of the following is NOT an appropriate lever?

Operations manager at the Long Beach Port is struggling to reduce the process time from unloading containers from ship docked at berth to dispatching trucks loaded with outbound containers to warehouse. She recognizes the only way to reduce the flow time is to shorten the length of every critical path. She now opts to use levers to reduce activity times on the critical path. Which one of the following is NOT an appropriate lever?

reduce the amount of discrepancies in material handling by means of mistake$-$proofing

shift resource units from cirtical path to non$-$critical path

increase the speed of operations by introducing fully$-$automated gantry crane

reduce times in non$-$value$-$adding activities such as set$-$up time